tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10814186242405876182024-03-25T06:57:24.270-07:00ka tony na banlawkasaysayanMaging isang pagsusuri sa sarili ang ibig sabihin ng "Pilipino Identity" Upang pasimulan papandayin ang bansang ganap na malaya, maunlad, mapayapa at makatarungan para sa lahat, sa ating mga anak at sa susunod na salin-lahi!ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.comBlogger88125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-69945928407335374192023-01-22T12:57:00.040-08:002023-01-22T13:24:45.739-08:00Mestiza de Sangley (Filipina-Chinese Mestiza)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgfHBu2z2wYErA5uC4bxMHNWn7B1aNwIbF_Ba_SPPoI7Wla7UMG3sCDcN47c0JZbaAp0z_3oMdukja-W9b9McjE_D41YvkhbvKuliGvqs084URSYa90xCe8-8XAgECGoIU-ST-cCZUtzMz82XuAvY12IfIl1b90iTkk9com0wE-2DLilNxXNR8EdNJ0JQ" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="716" height="612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgfHBu2z2wYErA5uC4bxMHNWn7B1aNwIbF_Ba_SPPoI7Wla7UMG3sCDcN47c0JZbaAp0z_3oMdukja-W9b9McjE_D41YvkhbvKuliGvqs084URSYa90xCe8-8XAgECGoIU-ST-cCZUtzMz82XuAvY12IfIl1b90iTkk9com0wE-2DLilNxXNR8EdNJ0JQ=w458-h612" width="458" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mestiza de Sangley (Filipina-Chinese Mestiza)</span></b></p><p><span style="background-color: black; caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5);"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: arial;">A 18 x 24 cm. portrait taken by Dutch photographer Francisco Van Camp in the late 19th century of a beautiful young woman wearing traditional “Maria Clara.” The unknown mestiza de sangley is regarded as the “Mona Lisa” of the Pacific and recently included in “100-Year-Old Photos of the Most Beautiful Women of the Last Century.” In 19th century colonial Philippines under Spanish influence, there was a courtship tradition in which women conveyed their marital status by means of hand held fan; a half opened fan held in hand signified that a young lady was seeking a suitor as this portrait by Francisco van Camp “mestiza de sangley” taken at his studio in Manilla in 1875 which he took over from the British photographer Albert Honiss when he died in 1874. The Spaniards were the first ones to introduce photography to the Philippines dating back to 1841 using daguerreotype, was the first commercially successful photographic process (1839-1860) in the history of photography. Named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre who used unique image on a silvered copper plate.</span></b></span></p>ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-88848109585868557292020-07-07T11:59:00.000-07:002020-07-07T12:10:13.567-07:00The Manila Grand Opera House<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The site of the Manila Grand Opera House in 1899 on Calle Dulumbayan (later called Calle Salcedo, now Rizal Avenue) was originally a racetrack where bicycles zoomed around in laps to the entertainment of audience watching a European sport in their country and was called the National Cycle Track. It was owned by N.T. Hashim the track which he bought was part of the San Lazaro Estate which Hashim converted the place into a theater. It was known as the Teatro Nacional and also served as the arena of the Russian Circus Troupe that regularly visited Manila. </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>In 1905, Governor-General Henry Ide sent Filipino labor leader Dominador Gomez, to speak to the President of Tagalog Republic - General Macario Sakay with an offer of amnesty for him and his men. Part of the offer was the establishment of a Philippine Assembly as a starting point toward eventual Philippine Independence. The offer appealed to General Sakay who dreamed of Philippine independence, freely participating in determining their course as a nation. As a result, General Sakay and his men went out from their Morong Mountain hideout in July of 1906 without realizing it was a trap. He was welcomed in Manila, but while attending a party tendered by the Constabulary chief Col. Henry H. Bandholtz, General Sakay and his chief subordinates were disarmed and arrested. Accused of being a bandit under the Brigandage Act of 1902, he was sentenced to death and hanged on September 13, 1907, accused of the crime against Brigandage Act held that persons refusing to give allegiance to the American government in the Philippines were liable for arrest and execution. </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Just a month after the execution of General Sakay on the grounds of Bilibid Prison, in October 16 a block away the Philippine First Assembly was inaugurated at the Manila Grand Opera House. The event was attended both by US Secretary of War William Howard Taft and the new Governor-General James Francis Smith at 9:00 that morning, the 80 delegates-elect of the first Philippine Assembly entered the Grand Opera House, followed by representatives of the American colonial government, members of the Philippine Commission and other military officers Major-General Leonard Wood of the US Army Philippine Division, Brigadier General Clarence Edwards of the Bureau of Insular Affairs. Members of the religious groups, including Apostolic Delegate Monsignor Ambrosio Agius and Bishop Jorge Barlin, as well as local officials like Domindor Gomez and foreign guests.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>- ka tony </b></span></div>
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<br />ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-69087343123349747542008-07-25T13:23:00.000-07:002020-06-10T17:07:39.559-07:00MAYNILA na WALA nang NILAD!<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEOoQJ1RFStF-_udDUBzT-7ndo3Sh-oFGX637MGIKNvfTLZQv55Lnk3CAOENwGEAe5WWiV_0Q_vOTUKm2hUMB7gWoAI0dctwbQFWhNdBsuYVeTunpyy8aK7WwjltBza0HV1WgTNUS9Wuzf/s1600-h/Maynila.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5227051471222373090" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEOoQJ1RFStF-_udDUBzT-7ndo3Sh-oFGX637MGIKNvfTLZQv55Lnk3CAOENwGEAe5WWiV_0Q_vOTUKm2hUMB7gWoAI0dctwbQFWhNdBsuYVeTunpyy8aK7WwjltBza0HV1WgTNUS9Wuzf/s320/Maynila.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When The Best Mayor of Manila ever had, Gat Arcenio Lacson in 1958, proclaimed June 24 as Manila's "Foundation Day", he was criticized for exalting a colonial event; since Manila already existed way long before 1571, it could have not founded by Legaspi. But The Great Mayor acted on Faustian man's obsession with definite data; an invented "nationalist" date to mark the foundation old pre-1571 Manila would be pure myth-making, an activity repellent to the man of history.<br /><br />Great cities came in existence because of their river, the rich delta of the river made it possible the practice of agriculture and settlement by which its residents use the river for their source of food, water, construction and transportation. Mesopotamia - “land between two rivers” now Baghdad, without her twin rivers Tigris & Euphrates' mud, construction of their Ziggurats and their cuneiform writing on clay tablets would not have been possible. Egypt without her Nile River, there will not be no great pyramids. Without the longest underground river in the world in the Yucatan peninsula, there will be no contribution to science, math, astronomy and a perfect calendar form the Mayans. There will be no China without her Yellow river, India without her Indus river, Anatolia (modern Turkey) without her Carsamba river. There will be no three major religions in the world from Judea without the Jordan river and there will be no Brazil, Columbia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia without the longest river in the world - the Amazon. Like these great cities and countries Manila was born because of Pasig River.<br /><br />Pasig – an old Malayan word pertaining to the coast or strand, it connects Laguna de Bay to Manila Bay. Pasig gave birth to three kingdoms; The first and the oldest was the Kingdom of Namayan - also called Kingdom of Sapa later be called "Maysapan" and Christianised into Santa Ana de Sapa. It is known today simply as Santa Ana, a district of the City of Manila. The kingdom of Namayan was ruled by Lakan Tagkan that embraced ancient; Bonges - now Paco, Dibag - now Ermita, Panakawan - now Malate, Yamagtogan - Pasay and Maysapang - Quiapo/Sampaloc. Lakan Tagkan and his wife Buwan had five sons, one of whom a descendant named Martin, which was the first and the last Christian name traceable to the family registry. The chieftain also had a daughter by a slave of Bornean origin, named Pasay who inherited a place bearing the same name. Pasay was Christianized Dominga Custodio, whence Pasay City's main street was named Calle Dominga. Spanish military forced a treaty with Lakan Tagkan in 1578, the Franciscans established a parish at Sapa - the capital of Namayan. Dedicated to St. Anne. The parish acquired the name "Santa Ana de Sapa."<br /><br />The second was the Kingdom of Tundo - also referred to as Tondo, Tundun, Tundok and Lusung. Tundo was a province of Pampanga or Ka Pampang (meaning of the same river), Kapampangan was the second dialect of Tundo back then. The kingdom had diplomatic ties with China during the Ming Dynasty. Before the arrival of the Spaniards in the late 16th century, the Kapampangan people made up the bulk of the population of what the Ming Dynasty texts referred to as the Luzon Empire or "Lusong Guo" in Chinese. Tundo was also in trade and alliance with Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah in 1500 merged it by a royal marriage of Gat Lontok, who later became Rajah of Namayan and Dayang Kaylangitan to establish a city with the Malay name of Selurong, later to become the kingdom of Maynilad or Manila. Tundo was ruled by Raja Lakandula a mixed Tagalog and Kapampangan descent. Tundo replaced Namayan as the main port of entry on Manila Bay because Tundo was right on the seaside, an advantage over Namayan. The merchant ships that came into the bay preferred to unload their goods to a closer Tundo. This made Tundo a distribution center or trading post on Pasig River, made Raja Lakandula's kingdom of Tundo a very progressive place. Raja Lakandula's present-day descendants are the Carmelos, the Puyats and the Macapagals.<br /><br />At the height of the Luzon Empire's importance in the China trade in the 16th century, maritime trading and even piracy, became the main source of profit. As one of the "Lucues" (people of Luzon), many Tondenos and Kapampangans worked as mercenaries for the various states and kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The Luzon Empire became such an important center in Chinese trade that the Kingdom of Brunei was forced to invade it in 1500. The kingdom of Maynilad was created by the Bruneians to oversee the trade in Brunei's interest. Japanese records show that important traders like Luzon Sukezaemon and Shimai Soshitsu opened up shop in Luzon. At a time when the Ming Dynasty banned its citizens from leaving China, the Kapampangan traders from Luzon who brought Chinese goods all across Southeast Asia were thought of as Chinese. As late as the 17th century, the Sultanate of Sulu still commissioned Kapampangans to act as trade ambassadors to China.<br /><br />Manila is the best strategic military location and was used as "Kuta" or Fort (now Fort Santiago) by Raja Matanda and his nephew, the first king of Manila, Rajah Sulayman. The long stretch of Pasig River was the first commercial street of Manila, the same route Chinese, Hindu, Japanese, Annamese, Malay and Arab merchants rowed up with their porcelains and silks for trading with the villagers’ produce. Riverine route dotted with settlements, came towns, hence the resident was called "Taga-Ilog" (meaning "from the river") also later became the dialect the Taga-Ilog speak, "Tagalog". With its towns and cities on the banks of Pasig river, there was a place where white flower bearing plants abundantly multiplied, braced, just refused to grow elsewhere, but only where Rajah Sulayman's kingdom, plant called "Nilad" (Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea). During that time when a Taga-ilog asked another Taga-ilog..."What part of Pasig are you from?" The Taga-ilog from Rajah Sulayman's fort reply..."Sa May-NILAD" ("I'm from where NILADs are"), hence the name of MAYNILA.<br /><br />Rajah Sulayman, was aware of the importance of his strategically sited domain. Sulayman was the River Lord, dominating river traffic and exacting tolls from traders as they came and went. To show his power, he built a palisades of his “Kuta” dozens of cannons, made by the famous Panday Pira from Tondo. The great maritime empire of Sri Vijaya had based its power on control of the trade. Manila’s location along these vital sea lanes assured it a successful trade role, in which the famous Spanish Galleon Trade, Manila - Acapulco was based.<br /><br />Governor-General Miguel López de Legazpi, searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after being compelled to move from Cebu to Panay by Portuguese pirates and hearing of the existence of a prosperous sultanate in Luzon, sent an expedition under Marshall Martin de Goiti and Captain Juan de Salcedo to discover its location and potentials. De Goiti anchored at Cavite and tried to establish his authority peaceably by sending a message of friendship to Maynilad and Tundo. Since Tundo is still a province of Pampanga, the chief of Macabebe, refusing to ally with the Spanish as Raja Lakandula of Tundo had done, decided to mount an attack at Bankusay Channel. His forces were defeated and he himself was killed. The Spanish victory at Bankusay and Legaspi's friendship with Rajah Lakandula, enabled the Spaniards to establish themselves throughout the city and its neighboring towns.<br /><br />Peace in Rajah Sulayman’s kingdom of Maynilad was shattered upon the arrival of the Spaniards led by Martin de Goiti and latter by conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. The Kuta was burned twice, first by Goiti’s instruction and later by the Manilenos under the direction of Rajah Sulayman before it was completely left to the Spanish colonizers. Replacing Raja Sulayman's palisade of hard wood, logs and bamboos, the first Spanish construction was the fort that would bear the Apostle's name; and July 25 is the Feast of Fuerte Santiago. Acute angle at the mouth of Pasig river contained quarters for the artillery, large house for Legaspi and Augustinian friars. The shape of the city (pentagon) and its perimeter (about four kilometers) were determined by the tongue of land inherited from Sulayman's kingdom. High walls and moat were built for protection around the city, fear of invasion from hostile forces which can no longer trade with Manila, Muslims and Chinese pirates, like Limahong. Thus arose the Walled City, called "Intramuros" (within the walls) a medieval town with moats and five gates with drawbridges. The gates were closed at night and the drawbridges drawn up to prevent unwanted persons from entering the city. Only "Peninsulares" - Spaniards born in Spain were only ones allowed to reside in Intarmuros. "Insulares" - Spaniards born in the Philippines (also called Pilipino or Creoles), Peninsulares parents, foreigners, Mestizos (Spanish half breed), Indios (Tagalog) and Sangleys (Chinese), all lived "Extramuros" (outside the walls), were then simply called "Arrabales" or suburbs. People had to rush back to Intramuros or out of it because all gates would be closed at 11:00 at night to be opened only at 5:00 o'clock the following morning. The "curfew" was then in effect.<br /><br />The Manila/Acapulco Gallon Trade, made Manila center of commerce in Asia & the Americas, though the city was only used as “warehouse for Asian goods” specially products from China to be shipped to Acapulco, Mexico while some to Spain. Attracted by the economic opportunities, the Chinese began to come in greater numbers. In the seventeenth century, more than 20,000 Chinese resided in Manila, outnumbering the Spanish settlers. Since the Spaniards started the gallon trade, made the colonial government profitable, but artisan, production and sourcing was dominated and monopolized by the Chinese. The native (Indios) could offer no competition for they had no capital and little experience in trading ventures. The Chinese therefore became an indispensable and established institution in Philippine economic life.<br /><br />The Chinese barter activities for the purpose of securing goods that they could ship out, developed the production of Philippine produce like; abaca, sugar, resin and tobacco. The Philippine social transformation began; “Peninsular" (Spaniards born in Spain) still at the top of the social pyramid. Next were creoles or “Insulares” Spaniards born in the Philippines – the original “Filipinos” and together with them the “Mestizos.” Then came the “Mestizo Sangleys” or Chinese Mestizos, who occupied a higher position than the natives “Indios.” While “Sangleys” or Chinese at the bottom of the social scale. These distinct and separate classes did occur, unions between Chinese men and native women which produce Chinese mestizos. When the Chinese mestizo became rich landowners and merchants, they too intermarried with wealth-seeking Spaniards.<br /><br />By 1750, the mestizos were already a recognized and distinct element in Philippine society and had become the elite of society. They took over commerce, haciendas, produce, trading and economy of the Philippines. In Central Luzon, members of old principalia were either absorbed by the new rising elite through intermarriage or depressed to the status of tenants. Old native names gradually disappeared and were partially displaced by Chinese mestizo surnames. Many mestizos dropped their Chinese names and assumed Spanish last names. Other mestizos Hispanized their surnames by combining the names of their fathers; viz. Lichuaco, Cojuanco, Yaptinchay, Tanbunting, Limhap, Tuason.<br /><br />Thailand’s capital city, Bangkok is called the “Venice of Asia” because of its canals, so as China's Suzhou is often dubbed the "Venice of the East." In fact The City of Manila should be called “Venice of Asia” for the city has more canals or esteros than Bangkok and Suzhou. Perhaps the title Venice of Asia was not given to Manila because Intramuros, then was the Manila they knew, minus the districts that are now part of Metro Manila.<br /><br />Ermita have Estero Balete. San Nicolas and Binondo have Estero de Binondo extends to Estero de la Reina, Ongpin, Gandara,Estero de la Industria, crosses Soler street ends at Reina Regente. Tondo have the wide Estero de Vitas, Ampioco, Patria, Estero Sunog Apog, Herbosa, Moriones, Estero Teneria, Abukay, Molave, Bambang, Estero de San Lazaro, and Estero de Magdalena. Quiapo have Estero de Quiapo and Estero de San Sebastian. Sampaloc have the San Juan River and Estero de Valencia. San Miquel, where The Malacanang Palace is located is surrounded by The Pasig River. Paco have Estero de Paco, Estero Concordia, Estero Balete and Estero Provisor. Santa Cruz have Estero de la Reina and Estero de San Lazaro. Pandacan have two esteros named Estero de Pandacan. Malate have Estero San Antonio Abad. Lastly, Santa Ana have Estero de Santa Clara and Estero Tripa de Gallina. These canals or esteros, I mentioned are located in the City of Manila, not counting the rivers, esteros and canals of the now Metro Manila. Basically Manila is surrounded by water, which flows to the main artery, Pasig River, that meets Manila Bay.<br /><br />With the expanding towns around Intramuros "old Manila", like Binondo, Santa Cruz, Quiapo, and San Miguel, where business and commerce were booming and with the occupation of the Philippines by America, Manila expanded to these towns. Adding Tondo (old kingdom of Lakan Dula), San Nicolas, Sampaloc, Ermita, Malate, Paco, Pandacan and Santa Ana. Intramuros was literally a sitting duck when destroyed during the liberation of Manila. The Japanese didn't destroy the city, the Americans burned The famous "Distinguished And Ever Loyal City" called by King Philip II, to the ground!!! Manila was second to Warsaw among the cities devastated by the second World War. While during the Reign of Greed of the Dictator MARCOS, added more towns; Makati, Malabon, Pateros, Navotas, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Taquig, Las Pinas, Muntinglupa, Paranaque, Marikina, Pasig, Valenzuela. Expanded the city…hence called Metro Manila, appointed his shoe shopping wife imelda marcos control a bigger configuration as the "Governadora."</b><b><br /></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">ka tony</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">the 24th of June, 2007</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 85%; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">...about the photograph - "Intramuros - a city within a city"</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 85%; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">I shot this photograph of "The Parian Gate" in Intramuros, in 1986 with my 35mm, Nikon F, in Black & White film, had it printed on mat photo paper, blown up by 50%. Retouched and colored some images with water color, after which I shot the "artwork" using a Sinar Camera with a 4"x 5" transparency format film. Had the 4"X 5" film processed, then interneg the finished 4"x 5" transparency. Lastly using the interneg, printed it on glossy photo paper. The result was this surreal picture, I titled..."City Within A City." </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-75283220257167862712019-12-30T13:32:00.000-08:002019-12-30T13:32:54.774-08:00Jose Rizal’s “Mi Ultimo Adios” was translated by Supremo Andres Bonifacio in Tagalog, titled it “Pahimakas.”<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On the afternoon of December 29, 1896, a day before the execution, Jose Rizal was visited by his mother, Teodora Alonzo, his sisters Lucia, Josefa, Trinidád, Maria, Narcisa and two of his nephews. When they were about to leave, Rizal told Trinidád in English that there was something in the small alcohol stove (cocinilla). The stove was given to Narcisa by the guard when they were about to board their carriage. Reaching home, Rizal’s family found a folded paper in the stove. On it was written an unsigned, untitled and undated poem with 14 five-line stanzas. The Rizal’s family reproduced copies of the poem and sent them to Rizal's friends in the country and abroad. In 1897, Mariano Ponce in Hong Kong had the poem printed with the title "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento." Fr. Mariano Dacanay, who received a copy of the poem while a prisoner in Bilibid, Prison had it published in the first issue of La Independenciaon Sept. 25, 1898 with the title “Ultimo Adios.”</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After the execution of Rizal, Josephine Bracken with Rizal’s brother Paciano and sister Trinidad came at past one o'clock in the afternoon of December 30, 1896 at San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias). Andres Bonifacio, the Katipunan Supremo, received the Rizals himself at the house of Mrs. Estefania Potente where he was staying. The Supremo was requested by the Rizals to translate Rizal’s poem to Tagalog. Bonifacio asked if he could keep for some time a copy of Rizal’s poem so that he could translate it into Tagalog with the assistance of Diego Mojica, President of the Popular Council Mapagtiis and local Cavite poet and writer in Tagalog. This is how the Spanish poem “Mi Ultimo Adios” of Jose Rizal was translated into Tagalog by Supremo Andres Bonifacio:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PAHIMAKAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pinipintuho kong Bayan ay paalam,<br />Lupang iniirog ng sikat ng araw,<br />mutyang mahalaga sa dagat Silangan,<br />kaluwalhatiang sa ami’y pumanaw.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Masayang sa iyo’y aking idudulot<br />ang lanta kong buhay na lubhang malungkot;<br />maging maringal man at labis ang alindog<br />sa kagalingan mo ay akin ding handog.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sa pakikidigma at pamimiyapis<br />ang alay ng iba’y ang buhay na kipkip,<br />walang agam-agam, maluwag sa dibdib,<br />matamis sa puso at di ikahahapis.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Saan man mautas ay di kailangan,<br />cipres o laurel, lirio ma’y patungan<br />pakikipaghamok, at ang bibitayan,<br />yaon ay gayon din kung hiling ng Bayan.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ako’y mamamatay, ngayong namamalas<br />na sa Silanganan ay namamanaag<br />yaong maligayang araw na sisikat<br />sa likod ng luksang nagtabing na ulap.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang kulay na pula kung kinakailangan<br />na maitina sa iyong liwayway,<br />dugo ko’y isaboy at siyang ikikinang<br />ng kislap ng iyong maningning na ilaw.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang aking adhika sapul magkaisip<br />noong kasalukuyang bata pang maliit,<br />ay ang tanghaling ka at minsang masilip<br />sa dagat Silangan hiyas na marikit.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Natuyo ang luhang sa mata’y nunukal,<br />taas na ang noo’t walang kapootan,<br />walang bakas kunot ng kapighatian<br />gabahid man dungis niyong kahihiyan.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sa kabuhayan ko ang laging gunita<br />maningas na aking ninanasa-nasa<br />ay guminhawa ka ang hiyas ng diwa<br />paghingang papanaw ngayong biglang-bigla.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ikaw’y guminhawa laking kagandahang<br />akoy malugmok, at ikaw ay matanghal,<br />hininga’y malagot, mabuhay ka lamang<br />bangkay ko’y maisilong sa iyong Kalangitan.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kung sa libingan ko’y tumubong mamalas<br />sa malagong damo mahinhing bulaklak,<br />sa mga labi mo’y mangyayaring ilapat,<br />sa kaluluwa ko halik ay igawad.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At sa aking noo nawa’y iparamdam,<br />sa lamig ng lupa ng aking libingan,<br />ang init ng iyong paghingang dalisay<br />at simoy ng iyong paggiliw na tunay.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayaang ang buwan sa aki’y ititig<br />ang liwanag niyang lamlam at tahimik,<br />liwayway bayaang sa aki’y ihatid<br />magalaw na sinag at hanging hagibis.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kung sakasakaling bumabang humantong<br />sa krus ko’y dumapo kahit isang ibon,<br />doon ay bayaan humuning hinahon<br />at dalitin niya payapang panahon.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayaan ang ningas ng sikat ng araw<br />ula’y pasingawin noong kainitan,<br />magbalik sa langit ng buong dalisay<br />kalakip ng aking pagdaing na hiyaw.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayaang sino man sa katotong giliw<br />tangisang maagang sa buhay pagkitil;<br />kung tungkol sa akin ay may manalangin<br />idalangin, Bayan, yaring pagkahimbing.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Idalanging lahat yaong nangamatay,<br />Nangag-tiis hirap na walang kapantay;<br />mga ina naming walang kapalaran<br />na inihihibik ay kapighatian.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang mga balo’t pinapangulila,<br />ang mga bilanggong nagsisipagdusa;<br />dalanginin namang kanilang makita<br />ang kalayaan mong ikagiginhawa.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At kung ang madilim na gabing mapanglaw<br />ay lumaganap na doon sa libinga’t<br />tanging mga patay ang nangaglalamay,<br />huwag bagabagin ang katahimikan.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang kanyang hiwaga’y huwag gambalain;<br />kaipala’y marinig doon ang taginting,<br />tunog ng gitara’t salterio’y magsaliw,<br />ako, Bayan yao’t kita’y aawitan.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kung ang libingan ko’y limot na ng lahat<br />at wala ng kurus at batong mabakas,<br />bayaang linangin ng taong masipag,<br />lupa’y asarolin at kahuya’y ikalat.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang mga buto ko ay bago matunaw,<br />mauwi sa wala at kusang maparam,<br />alabok na iyong latag ay bayaang<br />siya ang babalang doo’y makipisan.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kung magkagayon ma’y, alintanahin<br />na ako sa limot iyong ihabilin,<br />pagka’t himpapawid at ang panganorin,<br />mga lansangan mo’y aking lilibutin.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Matining na tunog ako sa dinig mo,<br />ilaw, mga kulay, masamyong pabango,<br />ang ugong at awit, paghibik ko sa iyo,<br />pag-asang dalisay ng pananalig ko.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayang iniirog, sakit niyaring hirap,<br />Katagalugan kong pinakaliliyag,<br />dinggin mo ang aking pagpapahimakas;<br />diya’y iiwan ko sa iyo ang lahat.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ako’y patutungo sa walang busabos,<br />walang umiinis at berdugong hayop;<br />pananalig doo’y di nakasasalot,<br />si Bathala lamang doo’y haring lubos.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Paalam, magulang at mga kapatid<br />kapilas ng aking kaluluwa’t dibdib<br />mga kaibigan, bata pang maliit,<br />sa aking tahanan di na masisilip.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pag-papasalamat at napahinga rin,<br />paalam estranherang kasuyo ko’t aliw,<br />paalam sa inyo, mga ginigiliw;<br />mamatay ay siyang pagkakagupiling!</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- ka tony</span></b></div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-58136456857297009172019-10-15T13:45:00.000-07:002019-10-15T13:45:03.295-07:00Not a trick but a treat for Halloween<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2b9FB02sziL130PeYXE1jGximd841tepXGKamXn5E6eZoL4Lo5Gk3cV649KmFfw5B6SsZkL4ezijZxag7IfrTDi2AMi1YUporI81Gt5bts3UPuq36OMy73ShKHiuHLyVhAAKyDnmNgDDo/s1600/IMG_7982.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1109" data-original-width="1124" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2b9FB02sziL130PeYXE1jGximd841tepXGKamXn5E6eZoL4Lo5Gk3cV649KmFfw5B6SsZkL4ezijZxag7IfrTDi2AMi1YUporI81Gt5bts3UPuq36OMy73ShKHiuHLyVhAAKyDnmNgDDo/s400/IMG_7982.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">All Soul's Day is a Catholic day of remembrance for friends and loved ones who have left for their heavenly abode. All Soul's Day has its roots in the ancient Pagan Festival, belief that the souls of the dead would return for a meal with the family, that’s why the practice of lighted candles kept on cemeteries and on houses’ stairway or windows is to guide the souls back home. Children knock on doors in “dead” costumes asking for food, treats, candies, offered symbolically to the dead, but then distributed them among the hungry.</span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">The Aztecs of Mexico played a very important role in the development of celebrating this tradition. Mictlantecuhtli the Aztec god of the dead, after a person's death will decide what region their soul would go to depended on the type of death rather than the type of life they lead. The Spanish Conquest of Nueva España (Mexico) brought about an amalgamation of the Catholic attitudes and Aztecs beliefs, since Mexico was given the power to be the Viceroy of Spain’s colonies in the Americas and the Philippines, “Todos los Santos” became a big part of the Filipino culture. </span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">Most Filipinos go to cemeteries or as our old folks called them “pantion” (came from Romans “pantheon”) to clean, decorate and spend the night or more at their loved ones grave. Filipinos followed the pagan custom of lighting up candles, offer flowers sometimes food and say prayers for the souls of the departed. The oldest cemetery in Manila is “Cementerio de Binondo” located at the foot of the hill of the arrabal of Binondo (hence the old name Binundok or Minundok as Chinese called their place), the place was referred to during the Spanish colonial days “Paang-Bundok” eventually called “La Loma” meaning “the hill” in English. The hill makes up the cemetery complex of Cemeterio del Norte, the Manila Chinese Cemetery and La Loma Cemetery. </span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">During the Spanish colonial period the cortes warned Filipino that once they joined the Katipunan, they will be denied to be buried in Catholic cemeteries on the consecrated ground and also denied of what then was considered a "decent" burial in their time of death. Hence members of Freemason who died without retraction of their affiliation, Chinese and non-Catholics resulted into cremation which the Catholics Church then condemned cuz the doctrine said that the soul needs its material body during the last judgement. </span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">Tan Quien Sien an illustrious Chinese leader and businessman during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade who choose to be baptized Catholic took the name of his Spanish godfather Carlos Palanca so he can lived/stay in Binondo, eventually became the gobernadorcillo of Chinatown. Gobernadorcillo Carlos Palanca (Tan Quien Sien) established the first Chinese consul in Binondo, the first Chinese General Hospital, he also built near his hospital the Manila Chinese Cemetery in La Loma as the resting place for the Buddhists Chinese, Masons who were denied burial in Catholic cemeteries during the Spanish colonial period. </span><br style="font-family: Helvetica;" /><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">- ka tony </span><br style="font-family: Helvetica;" /><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">the 15th of October ‘19</span></span></b><br />
<br />ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-26499097871387499212019-09-27T14:45:00.000-07:002019-09-27T14:45:31.626-07:0029th of September it’s MERRY MICHAELMAS!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcLqMBFujANyljD4S4zxiFn2ug486ATpgzOai-uYWspVZqFc2vMZyfn_naktSgGv1rt4lyKSzBdbrR9xhoJpgkACe6a-jhTEzGSG6spY-FSp4aiBHqwY1qb1bP0IiTWnHu9Fv6xTaUBJnv/s1600/IMG_7945.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="622" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcLqMBFujANyljD4S4zxiFn2ug486ATpgzOai-uYWspVZqFc2vMZyfn_naktSgGv1rt4lyKSzBdbrR9xhoJpgkACe6a-jhTEzGSG6spY-FSp4aiBHqwY1qb1bP0IiTWnHu9Fv6xTaUBJnv/s400/IMG_7945.jpg" width="388" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33);">Every 29th of September it’s St. Michael's Day, in the western tradition is to eat fattened goose on this day so as to be reminded of an angel's wings, fed on the stubble from the fields after the harvest, eaten to protect against financial need in the family for the next year, but for us Pinoys it's time for a toast of Ginebra San Miguel or San Miguel Beer. When Spanish Governor-General Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera made </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); display: inline;">a promise that if he was successful with his expedition of Mindanao, he will build a chapel dedicated to San Miguel Archangel, which he did. San Miguel is the principal angelic warrior, protector against the dark of the night and the Archangel who fought against Satan and his evil angels. The village of San Miguel, by Malacañan known as "Calzada de Malacañan” (later Aviles, then J.P. Laurel Sr. Street) is the main street of the San Miguel District. It became the "center of power" ever since Governor-General Rafael de Echague moved into the Malacañan Palace in 1863. Prior to that, the palace was just the governor-general’s summer home. Echague was forced to move in because an earthquake had damaged the Palacio del Gobernador. However, when the Palacio was repaired, Echague moved out of Malacañan Palace but another earthquake strike and had him moved back. </span></span></b><br />
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<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33);"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On the same site were to make two establishments; "Fabrica de Ginebra San Miguel" and "Fabrica de Cerveza de San Miguel" which in 1889, a well-known businessman Enrique María Barretto de Ycaza y Esteban, applied for a royal grant from Spain to establish a brewery in the Philippines, he was awarded the grant and on September 29, 1890 (Michaelmas or the feast day of Saint Michael Archangel), La Fábrica de Cerveza San Miguel was declared open for business at Numero 6 Calzada de Malacañan, the brewery took its name from the district of San Miguel. The San Miguel buildings were torn down after the land was transferred to the government and today is a part of the palace complex. San Miguel district also includes the Isla de Convalecencia, the largest island in the Pasig River where Hospício de San José, Manila’s oldest Catholic welfare institution is located.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33);"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Ayalas were part owners of San Miguel and in 1915 they needed a new label for their "Ginebra" line. They commissioned a young fine arts student from the University of the Philippine to design the label. One of our country’s national artists, in his effort to put food on his family’s table, as well as earn enough money to afford the materials he needed to pursue his passion for painting, took on other jobs, including that as a commercial illustrator. The art student came up with a label design where Saint Michael with a Damascus sword the waves of each Kris denotes a flame or a serpent about to strike satan, famously called “Marca Demonio” by then unknown artist Fernando Amorsolo.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33);"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- ka tony</span></b></span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33);"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">27th, September '19</span></b></span>ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-10600463096505313082019-09-27T14:33:00.000-07:002019-09-27T14:33:07.793-07:00San Agustin Church of Intramuros Revisited<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO-7nL82_B5hr7jP1MxCqq0AsaedtTPibH4j36ZpnYjkmd3BFrMVD-yENOELvjLwUxJzcG_aCo0wZlAcmiyDdkHW3PYIWqAnizdLy3s72JFYwKFIoW59cVhktRiAmhxrEjAD-kQ4KDu8dm/s1600/IMG_6462.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1280" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO-7nL82_B5hr7jP1MxCqq0AsaedtTPibH4j36ZpnYjkmd3BFrMVD-yENOELvjLwUxJzcG_aCo0wZlAcmiyDdkHW3PYIWqAnizdLy3s72JFYwKFIoW59cVhktRiAmhxrEjAD-kQ4KDu8dm/s400/IMG_6462.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">San Agustin Church (1607), is the oldest baroque church in the Philippines built using thick rough adobe. It is located inside the wall city of Intramuros (the original Old Manila), was a exclusive place only for “Peninsulares” who are pure blooded Spanish - born in Spain. Intramuros was the only province of Spain outside the Iberian Peninsula and the capital city of Spanish colony Philippines. San Agustin Church was the site where Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinians clergy came out from the church’s door shouting “Long Live the Church! Long Live King Felipe V!” they were joined by people of all classes met and proceeded to the palace of Governor-Marshal Fernando Manuel de Bustamante, assassinated him for exposing their involvement in the corrupt Manila/Acapulco Galleon Trade. It was also the site of the last Spanish Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes surrendered the City of Manila to the Americans in the infamous “Trece de Agosto, 1898 - the mock battle of Manila” that ended the Spanish/American War and confirm the U.S. takeover of the whole Philippines their colony. The church was heavily damage during WW-2 and the monastery was completely destroyed but in the 70s the monastery was rebuilt as a museum for religious artwork, relics and ecclesiastical props used throughout the church's history, the oldest pieces dating back to the founding of Intramuros itself.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Spanish conquistador “El Adelantado” Miguel Lopez de Legaspi is buried in this church. He is considered in history as “the founder of Manila” though Manila already existed even before him and even the explorer Ferdinand Magellan who claimed he discovered the Philippines. Intramuros is the site of the Kingdom of Maynilad ruled by Rajah Sulayman. Conquistador Legaspi took over Rajah Sulayman’s kingdom because of its perfect military defensive location by the Pasig River and on the mouth of the bay that opens, facing the China Sea. Other Spanish conquistadors buried in San Agustin Church are Juan de Salcedo and Martin de Goiti. Later during the American colonial rule famous Filipino painter Juan Luna, statesmen Pedro A. Paterno and ilustrado Trinidad Pardo de Tavera are also buried in the church. In 1993, the San Agustin Church was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- ka tony</span></b></span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3rd of September '19</span></b></span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); color: #1c1e21; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-21083386297529004052019-07-18T14:51:00.000-07:002019-07-18T14:51:58.956-07:00University of Santo Tomas (1611) - the Oldest University in Asia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-bScExbVXQjgl7-GYd1UU8BaNjKNvakOXOGuhT6d5mB_-4PgkO_W2KoEayDLNFUQv7hZZpcW4CEMtKmUgypQU9eXkwOJekCj54yRpjIfMOAU6xwPEYK7_J_Y5i6VuxExmDuGHFUaRrrCl/s1600/IMG_7758.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="640" height="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-bScExbVXQjgl7-GYd1UU8BaNjKNvakOXOGuhT6d5mB_-4PgkO_W2KoEayDLNFUQv7hZZpcW4CEMtKmUgypQU9eXkwOJekCj54yRpjIfMOAU6xwPEYK7_J_Y5i6VuxExmDuGHFUaRrrCl/s400/IMG_7758.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Universidad de Santo Tomás was born out of the dying Archbishop Miguel de Benavides, O.P., who came to Manila on July 25, 1587 from Carrion de los Condes, province of Palencia, Spain, died in 1605. His last will was to donated his library of books and 1,500 pesos for the purchase of lot to the Santo Domingo Church in Intramuros, to study science, arts and theology. His will came true in April 25, 1611, the Colegio de Nuestra Señora Del Santissimo Rosario was founded. Later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomás dedicated to the Dominican theologian-saint St. Thomas Aquinas, while St. Catherine of Alexandria is the patroness. Located opposite Santo Domingo Church by Calle Aduana on the north and by Plaza de España on the east and in 1645 it was declared a university by Pope Innocent X and in 1902 UST was declared as Pontifical University. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br />In 1920 the Dominicans were given a 21.5 hectare land in “Sulucan,” in the suburbs of Sampaloc and the plan for the construction of an edifice for the growing student population happened. The edifice at Sulucan is the work of the Dominican Reverend Father Roque Ruaño, O.P., who graduated, later taught engineering at UST and was also the Rector of Colegio de San Juan de Letran. The construction in Sulucan begun in January 1923, the building is situated in the middle of a quadrilateral tract, facing Calle España. The edifice is all of reenforced concrete and has three floors and on its flat roof placed six spacious laboratories. The building is classified as "Ruaño Style,” named after the Engineer with the help of two hundred Pampango workmen, answers the threat of earthquakes. The building has a “half-moon” shape foundation that sways with the movement of the earth’s quake. The building composed of forty separate structures, joined together by loose concrete, the structures are free to move independently to ensure that the building will not crack. You will marvel at the structures that are an inch apart and seen from outside of the building, like broken lines running from top to bottom. Even the 50 meter-high tower is separated from its surrounding structures by four inches of space. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br />UST survived not only the deadly Philippine earthquakes but the Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War and the Second World War in which the Japanese forces converted the campus into an internment camp for both Filipinos and foreign civilians, mostly Americans living in the Philippines. The oldest university in Asia proudly honor its founder, stands in front of the main building the bronze statue of Archbishop Miguel de Benavides that was made in Paris and represents his pious attitude of prayer with the right fore finger pointing to heaven. It was solemnly uncovered on July 2, 1891 by Governor-General Valeriano Weiler, it’s the favorite image of Fine Arts students to sketch on their outdoor class, another favorite is the “Arco de Siglo” the archway reconstruction of the original doorway of the old UST Building in Intramuros. UST is the only university in the world to have been visited by a saint and three popes four times: once by Pope Paul VI on November 28, 1970, twice by Pope John Paul II on February 18 1981 and January 13, 1995 and once by Pope Francis on January 18, 2015. Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta visited UST twice in January of 1977 and again in November 1984.<br />- ka tony<br />12th - May, ‘19</span></b>ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-58923083573960824892019-07-18T13:34:00.000-07:002019-07-18T13:34:08.308-07:00It was 53 Years Ago Today, The Beatles went to Manila and Played<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWjGGGFnRur6iK7HYzVxrOYD_RIrOX47c9KCL8wYKyEQpFTqMjVVxcuQ2-HnIQQkPPVpKzqBHm-ckYuhZmhTEWpat_VfWKW0hSjyQoGUqxbWbfNmC-noJ_TUhdcaxJ2PtzhBGK1lZk-FGZ/s1600/IMG_7757.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="638" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWjGGGFnRur6iK7HYzVxrOYD_RIrOX47c9KCL8wYKyEQpFTqMjVVxcuQ2-HnIQQkPPVpKzqBHm-ckYuhZmhTEWpat_VfWKW0hSjyQoGUqxbWbfNmC-noJ_TUhdcaxJ2PtzhBGK1lZk-FGZ/s400/IMG_7757.jpg" width="397" /></a></div>
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...53 years ago on July 4, 1966 The Beatles held two sold out concerts at the Rizal Memorial Football Stadium with a combined attendance of 80,000. A lunch was set by imelda marcos at Malacañan Palace at 11 am, same day with 300 children waiting to see The Beatles. An hour before the party, a delegation came to the Manila Hotel to fetch The Beatles. Brian Epstein - The Beatles' manager declined the invitation o<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">n the grounds that no earlier arrangement had been made. The 4:00-pm concert which I attended was okay though the sound system of the Rizal Stadium was pretty bad plus the screaming of the audience sounded like a 707 jet plane taking off that we can’t hardly hear The Beatles. The 8:30-pm concert was worst, it was learned that some cables of the sound system were unhooked and there were no sound on some of the speakers. From the investigation, it was learned it was a sabotage in retaliation of Malacañan due to The Beatles "lunch snub” of Malacañan. </span></div>
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Following day after their concert, The Manila Times ran the headline: "IMELDA STOOD UP!” Philippine promoter Ramon Ramos took advantage of the situation and refused to pay the Beatles for their performance, in the first place he was the one who committed to imelda marcos that he’ll bring The Fad Four in Malacañan even it was not in his contract with The Beatles. Bomb and death threats were telephoned to the deluged British Embassy and to the Fab Four’s hotel suite. When the Beatles were scheduled to depart, all security detail assigned to the boys were withdrawn leaving them extremely vulnerable. They were literally kicked and jostled as they left their hotel and totally harassed all the way to the airport. Things were no better there where the airport manager has also removed all security for the Beatles. They went so far as to shut down the power to stop the escalators, forcing the boys to scale several flights of stairs with their own luggage, only to face an angry mob of 200 goons from Malacañan brutally manhandling them. Ringo was literally floored by an uppercut and kicked on the ground, he suffered a sprained ankle and had to be helped to the customs area while Mal Evans and Brian Epstein were injured as well. Alf Bicknell The Beatles official chauffeur suffered a cracked rib and a spinal injury.</div>
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The concert promoter Ramon Ramos never gave the payment due the Beatles after their Manila performances, they were mugged at the airport, their plane was held for a long time at Manila’s airport cuz Malacañan demanded Brian Epstein to pay tax from the concert which they were not payed for their performance. The whole Beatles entourage were afraid for their lives, they saw from the plane’s window they were surrounded by heavily armed military men. So Epstein paid the tax that was demanded and gave “grease money” to the goons just to allow their plane to leave and promised not ever again to comeback, which they kept.<br />- ka tony</div>
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4th - July, '19</div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-84638892540138995262019-07-18T13:11:00.003-07:002019-07-18T13:19:24.011-07:00The Doctrina Christiana was the first book in the Philippines written and printed in 1593, much older than America’s first and oldest book “The Bay Psalm Book” that was printed in 1640.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1UVDONGl2Gsx1pk0Tdpb9zFxjRniITZrBbpSN-8_VP0ceN-AbB_E1FSznOAsghyCqwvwTfyqY4KY5QGYWS-rBvUSERLKJ-VwLth0Ardner3bxsCQfWGg5p1R9TvCABVhh36H23oFbNb6E/s1600/IMG_7756.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1UVDONGl2Gsx1pk0Tdpb9zFxjRniITZrBbpSN-8_VP0ceN-AbB_E1FSznOAsghyCqwvwTfyqY4KY5QGYWS-rBvUSERLKJ-VwLth0Ardner3bxsCQfWGg5p1R9TvCABVhh36H23oFbNb6E/s400/IMG_7756.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">...the oldest book in the world was printed in 1455: “The Gutenberg Bible” (in Latin), printed in Europe with movable metal type by Johannes Gutenberg. The Philippine “Doctrina Christiana” was written by Fray Juan de Plasencia on Roman Catholic Catechism. Two versions of the book were printed in Spanish/Tagalog (written in Roman letters and Tagalog Baybayin) with 76 pages and Spanish/Chinese (written in Roman letters and Chinese characters) with 124 pages. Both versions’ titles translated in English: “Christian Doctrine in Spanish Language And Tagalog (And Chinese), with correct Rules for Religious of the Orders. Printed with Consent of Saint Gabriel in the Order of Saint Dominic. In Manila, 1593.” They were priced at two and four “reales.” The books’ inside pages consists of basic prayers: the Lord's Prayer, Hail Mary, Credo and the Salve Regina. Followed by Articles of Faith, the Ten Commandments, Commandments of the Holy Church, Sacraments of the Holy Church, Seven Mortal Sins, Fourteen Works of Charity, the Confiteor and a brief Catechism.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Dominicans employ the service of Chinese “Keng Yong” from the Chinatown of Binondo who had printing experience in China. The books were printed using xylographic, a relief process printing each page of text from one hand carved woodblock using soft local wood “batikuling.” The book was printed on hand made paper from mulberry tree that was used during the Khmer Empire of Cambodia by Buddhist monks who made paper from the bark of mulberry trees. The size of the volume, which is unbound, is 9⅛”X 7”, although individual page leaves vary.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Both Spanish and Tagalog/Chinese versions of Doctrina Christiana were printed and produced by the Chinese “Keng Yong.” Prior to the 1593 Doctrina Christiana the Dominicans Fray Miguel de Benavides and Fr. Juan Cobo had already prepared “The True Faith in The Infinite God” a simple catechism in Chinese characters printed between 1590 and 1592 also with the help of Chinese printer “Keng Yong.” </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The printing and publication of Doctrina Christiana in 1593, Dominicans and “Keng Yong” pioneered the art of printing in the Philippines, they made molds, types and instruments needed for typography. Their typographic printing was indigenous, not imported from other countries. In 1625, Universidad de Santo Tomás in Intramuros needed publications and requested the printing press of Binondo to join the university, making today’s UST Publishing House (formerly UST Press) the oldest continuing press in the world since 1593. It is even older than the University of Santo Tomas (1611) the oldest university in Asia, older than U.S. oldest Harvard University (1636). The only known surviving Doctrina Christiana copy of the Chinese version is stored at the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid, Spain. While in the U.S. a copy of Doctrina Christiana can be found at the Library of Congress that was presented by Lessing Rosenwald who bought it from a New York City book dealer, who purchased the copy from a book dealer in Paris and took it to the U.S.<br />- ka tony<br />30th - April, ‘19</span></b></div>
ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-2632618607543721362019-07-18T12:46:00.002-07:002019-07-18T13:16:30.474-07:00Historical relationship of the Philippines and Catalonia’s Barcelona<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjDQtLlrSz4h9AzsgiMPxXlZo-sMJjOQZ1zZsAq1C4ivCK4KsYr2EUTTKxjhKHxPkB1Oboz4dtn8QFTVR_E7J9oXRyK-S290PrllxznwqdlZWxJnQZjN1zsdnnXIAbF1E7uxIo-32M7G5-/s1600/IMG_6161.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1280" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjDQtLlrSz4h9AzsgiMPxXlZo-sMJjOQZ1zZsAq1C4ivCK4KsYr2EUTTKxjhKHxPkB1Oboz4dtn8QFTVR_E7J9oXRyK-S290PrllxznwqdlZWxJnQZjN1zsdnnXIAbF1E7uxIo-32M7G5-/s400/IMG_6161.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"># ...an apartment by Plaça del Bonsuccés near Calle La Rambla has a marker text in Catalan and Tagalog commemorating “La Solidaridad” where it was edited and printed. The plaque says (Tagalog):<br />“Luklukan ng pahayagang repormistang Pilipino (1889-1895) kung saan ang pambansang bayani ng Pilipinas na si Jose Rizal at iba pang mga nakibahagi ay nag-ambag ng malaki tungo sa kasarinlan ng kanilang bansa.”</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"># ...La Boqueria, is a large public market in the Ciudad Vieja district of Barcelona, dates back in 1217, when tables were installed to sell meat, coffee and food on calle La Rambla very close to where “La Solidaridad” apartment. Whenever Rizal took a visit to coordinate with M.H. del Pilar and Graciano López Jaena they had their meeting and snacks in this market. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"># ...Montjuïc Mountain, a site where important Catalan dissidents or free thinkers were detained and executed. Jose Rizal on his way to Cuba to help Spanish wounded soldiers, was instead stopped and was incarcerated at Celda #17 at Montjuïc. Has a historical marker about the hero. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"># ...Graciano López Jaena died of tuberculosis on January 20, 1896 in Barcelona, eleven months short of his 40th birthday. The following day, he was buried in a pauper’s mass grave at the Montjuïc Cemetery of Barcelona.<br />- photo journal ka Tony</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3rd - June, '18</span></b></div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-35629237153748746512019-07-18T10:44:00.002-07:002019-07-18T13:14:29.172-07:00Binondo the first, the original, oldest and biggest Chinatown in the world<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">...great cities like Manila are established where rivers meet the sea and because of 300 years Manila/Acapulco Galleon Trade unstoppable immigration of Chinese selling chinese products exported in the Americas made Manila the world’s trading center and Binondo became the entrepot and the formation of “Sangley Parian" (“Chi<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">nese Flea-market” from Chinese “xiang lei” for traveling merchants and “palien” meaning federation). The original parian was at Mehan Garden (now Liwasang Bonifacio), the reason why the peninsulares’ Intramuros gate on that location is called “Parian Gate.” The parian was reserved only to baptized Catholic Chinese who were allowed to sell their goods, those unbaptized have to stay at Cavite’s Sangley Point where galleons were built. The parian at Mehan Garden just outside the peninsulares Intramuros was getting over crowded, Governor-General Luis Perez Dasmariñas because of continuous Chinese migration scared of another Sangley uprising he donated his “Isla de Binundok" (original name of Binondo because it’s hilly, surrounded by Pasig River and esteros), tax free which he purchased from Don Antonio Velada for 200 pesos. He ordered to move the Sangley Parian to Calle Sacrista (now Ongpin).<br /><br />Governor-General Dasmariñas asked the Dominicans to take charge of converting the Chinese to catholicism, build a church in the honor of San Gabriel which is today’s Binondo Church though later its patroness became Nuetra Senora de Santissimo Rosario. Up to this day the main streets of Binondo- Calle Dasmariñas and Calle Rosario (now Quintin Paredes) were named in their honor. Because Binondo is an island, peninsulares of Intramuros have to take “casco” ferry crossing Pasig River to shop in Binondo. “Puente España” (Bridge of Spain) was built in 1632 by the Chineses to allow easier access and to continue the patronage of peninsulares. The bridge was near “Puerta Isabela II” of Intramuros that spanned to Calle Nueva (now E.T. Yuchengco St), cross street is Escolta where on the foot of the bridge were horse-carts waiting for peninsulares to be “escorted” (hence the name “Escolta” from Spanish word “escoltar”) in Binondo/San Nicolas to shop. Binondo became progressive shopping center that Chinese merchants extended the parian to its neighboring district “Barrio Baybay,” renamed “San Nicolas” in honor of their patron saint San Nicolas Tolentino the patron saint of merchants. The name of the streets of Binondo/San Nicolas can not be left unnoticed to this day, if they are not names of places in Spain like: Barcelona, Sevilla, Numancia, Madrid, they are: Aceiteros, Fundidor, Jaboneros, Arroceros, Caballeros, Fumadores, etc. products which Chinese merchants were selling on those streets.<br />- ka tony</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1st - March, '19</span></b><br />
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-47949015135662440782019-01-11T13:02:00.000-08:002019-01-11T13:20:42.610-08:00June 15, 1935, before the scheduled U.S. controlled Philippine Commonwealth Presidential election candidates:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvkZSoAcNqxm8FMOH3OJvR2ekgOB8VFP4VvfZmm_tuvxbJzGtszLZ8-mZ-MCDy-vty6jnpmcQay3zSac6Aak7SIktfB3pYZ9AJBR-yNc7PpNc65xGWsvic_LSuJDQ3NJjX8VIIRFrt3But/s1600/IMG_6614.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1280" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvkZSoAcNqxm8FMOH3OJvR2ekgOB8VFP4VvfZmm_tuvxbJzGtszLZ8-mZ-MCDy-vty6jnpmcQay3zSac6Aak7SIktfB3pYZ9AJBR-yNc7PpNc65xGWsvic_LSuJDQ3NJjX8VIIRFrt3But/s400/IMG_6614.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"># ...Manuel Quezon of Nacionalista Party - for president, his vice president was Sergio Osmeña (then a senate president). Obviously supported by his friend General Douglas MacArthur and the U.S. Colonial Government.<br /># ...Emilio Aguinaldo of National Socialist Party - for president, his vice president Raymundo Melliza (former governor of Iloilo). His candidacy was supported by the organization he created “Veteranos de la Revolucion.”<br /># ...Bishop Gregorio Aglipay of Republican Party - for president, his vice president Norberto Nabong. Aglipay was supported by his co founder of Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan Church) Isabelo de los Reyes (the Father of Philippine Socialism) and the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP), a left-wing party organized by Crisanto Evangelista. </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This political enmity resulted in a bitter feud that characterized the 1935 presidential race for the then newly established Philippine Commonwealth. Before the 1935 presidential election, in 1899 Manuel Quezon was a major in Aguinaldo’s army in its fight against the Americans. He was accused of murdering an American POW and was imprisoned for six months, but was cleared of the crime for lack of evidence. When Aguinaldo was captured at Palanan on 1901, Aguinaldo took an oath of allegiance to the United States, was granted a pension from the U.S. government but was forced to retired to private life. The conflict between the two during the election was so intense that Aguinaldo discharged Quezon from his Veteranos de la Revolucion and sarcastically said Quezon never belonged to the group in the first place. Quezon retaliated with his treacherous political campaign against Aguinaldo, came out with leaflets about Bonifacio’s and Luna’s deaths under the bloody hands of Aguinaldo, he also cut off his government pension. The two rivals was a regular ugly staple of newspapers and social gossips. </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quezon won the race by a landslide and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay quickly accepted the results but Aguinaldo did not want to accept his defeat, released a statement that if he were defeated at the polls, he and his followers would resort to force. Aguinaldo protested the 1935 presidential election results which he believed was rigged in Quezon’s favor; his supporters even planned to disrupt the inauguration and assassinate the winners though was not carried out. On December 8, 1941, the day after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces invaded the Philippines. Because of the sure capture by the enemy, President Quezon and other top government officials had to escape to Corregidor along with General MacArthur. Quezon gave his responsibilities to his cabinet and political colleagues: Jorge Vargas, Jose Laurel, Manuel Roxas, Benigno Aquino Sr., Jose Yulo, Quintin Paredes, Antonio de las Alas and Teofilo Sison, expected them to collaborate with the enemy to save Filipino civilian’s lives. MacArthur left his responsibility as the Allied commander in the Philippines was handed down to General Jonathan Wainwright whom he promoted as “temporary” Lieutenant General. Quezon and MacArthur left the island of Corregidor in a PT Boat, moving on to Mindanao, then Australia, Quezon went to the United States and set up a government in exile in Washington D.C. Emilio Aguinaldo once again fell into disgrace and again collaborated with the new colonialists.<br />- ka tony<br />19th of October ‘18</span></b></div>
ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-89729621969151908562019-01-11T13:15:00.003-08:002019-01-11T13:19:57.817-08:00The Great Escape and Manila as Open City<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6l6f0pZ4lWgSTlgZQJGqaE3e6HkhQ0IvBpIPcwEPXPNyT5yBpTvmyDKF3zD3fq56pubG4dPpd2PK2wv3Lj2-s23wa6dHUJbCca9tzeOSpkXGX7HUQh-OMSwjfc7eg0vm65_b1XwZie6qD/s1600/IMG_6660.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1566" data-original-width="1566" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6l6f0pZ4lWgSTlgZQJGqaE3e6HkhQ0IvBpIPcwEPXPNyT5yBpTvmyDKF3zD3fq56pubG4dPpd2PK2wv3Lj2-s23wa6dHUJbCca9tzeOSpkXGX7HUQh-OMSwjfc7eg0vm65_b1XwZie6qD/s400/IMG_6660.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The attacks by the Japanese, landings of their army in many points of the country and its rapid advance towards Manila raised fears to Filipino leaders of possible defeat of combined American and Filipino forces. President Manuel Quezon met with his cabinet daily: Jorge Vargas, Jose Laurel, Jose Yulo, Quintin Paredes, Benigno Aquino Sr., Elpidio Quirino and others from December 12 to 14, 1941 to discuss ways to cushion the impact of total war in the people. General MacArthur felt deep concern for Quezon, too valuable to fall into the hands of the enemy and asked Quezon to escape with him through Corregidor then to Australia. Quezon upon hearing MacArthur’s plan, did not wish to leave Manila because people would get the impression that he was abandoning them, he asked the opinion of his cabinet which the total opinion was that “the people would understand” but they suggested that the entire Cabinet should accompany the president to Corregidor but Quezon replied that MacArthur said there was not enough room for all of them on the island. Quezon followed MacArthur’s advice to escape with him and chosen Osmeña to go with him, then asked Laurel and Roxas to accompany them to help in preparing papers and documents. Laurel and Vargas were disappointed for having been given responsibility to deal with the Japanese military administration but Quezon told them “somebody has to stay behind to protect the people.” US Colonial Government amended the Philippine Commonwealth Act No. 620 and added Commonwealth Act No. 670 granting the commonwealth president or his representative ran the government by himself - a legalized dictator. The proclamation of the state of emergency paved the way for the use of emergency and extraordinary powers without authorization by congress. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Laurel was worried the role Quezon required him to cooperate with the Japanese and its implications which could lead to future misunderstanding. He expressed to President Quezon:<br />“Mr. President, it is easy that you are leaving us to take care of the situation with a view to the protection of our civilian population considering the fact that when the Japanese come we shall be performing several functions pertaining to municipal administration and administration of justice; but the Japanese may require or compel us to do many things which are inimical to our case, may I leave my position and go to the mountains. In my case, I’m asking this question because when you come back you might disapprove of our acts and accuse us of disloyalty.”</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quezon understand the significance of Laurel’s concern and felt that the best man to answer that question was General MacArthur. Learning Jorge Vargas had the same concern and question, he addressed these to MacArthur who replied:<br />“(We) Can’t do anything about it, George (referring to the imminent Japanese takeover of the Philippines). There is nothing you can do above it. Under International Law the occupying army must govern and rule and you cannot do anything but to obey what they tell you to do. Do anything except one thing, that is take the oath of allegiance to the Japanese. If you do, we will shoot you when you came back.”<br />...indeed a very hard situation for a politician serving under a colonial rule who’s abandoning its colony because of a more powerful colonialist who’s about to take over. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As the Japanese moved closer and the defenses continued to fall, it became evident the VIPs have to be evacuated. On February 20, 1942, Quezon, his family and many of the Filipino staff left onboard a US Navy submarine. MacArthur remained to continue command of the defense. However, MacArthur accompanied by his wife Jean, four-year-old son Arthur, his Cantonese amah Ah Cheu, on March 11, left the Philippine island of Corregidor and his forces, which were surrounded by the Japanese. They traveled in PT boats commanded by John D. Bulkeley of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron 3, made up of six, 77 feet Elco Patrol Torpedo (PT) Boats which scratches the original plan to evacuate him on the submarine “Permit.” These PT Boats were the newest, fastest and the smallest boats in the US Navy’s fleet. They had wooden hulls, powerful engines and a 15 man crew. They were armed with four torpedoes, .50 caliber Browning machine guns and .30 caliber Lewis Guns, sailed through stormy seas patrolled by Japanese warships and reached Mindanao two days later. From there, MacArthur and his party flew to Australia in a pair of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, ultimately arriving in Melbourne by train on 21 of March. In Australia, he made his famous speech in which he declared, "I came through and I shall return". On Bataan, the reaction to MacArthur's escape was mixed, with many American and Filipino troops feeling bitter and betrayed. When General Jonathan Wainwright which MacArthur left all his responsibilities broke the news to his generals "they were all at first depressed by the news …But I soon saw that they understood just as I understood." As the news broke across the globe, to Joseph Goebbels - MacArthur was a "fleeing general", while Benito Mussolini labeled him a “coward.” The US decided that the best way to counter this negative image was to award MacArthur the Medal of Honor.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When the Japanese invaded the Philippines in 1941, Jorge Vargas was designated National Defense secretary by President Quezon, few weeks later, he was appointed as mayor of the Greater Manila area in 1941. His responsibilities included administering the open city upon the arrival of occupational troops of the Imperial Japanese Army on January 2, 1942. He became chairman of the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Executive Commission, was once asked by the Japanese to assume the Presidency, but he declined and Jose Laurel succeeded him. Upon the declaration of the country’s capital Manila an "Open City" it was to announce officially that the city is demilitarized during a war, announcing that they have abandoned all defensive efforts and entitling the city immunity from attack under international law. The attacking armies of the opposing military should respect and expected not to bomb or otherwise attack the city, but simply to march in. The "Open City" concept and objective is to protect the city's historic landmarks, ancestral houses and civilian living in the city from an unnecessary battle.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The City of Manila was not attack, lives were saved as well as the buildings, historical/ancestral houses, American colonial military and their government offices. Japanese military forces marched towards the City of Manila to occupy the beautiful Spanish City’s “Pearl of the Orient.” During the Japanese reign of terror in the City of Manila, they officially changed anything American and its collaborators’ names of streets, parks and buildings to Pilipino/Japanese names:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /># Dewey Boulevard - "CALLE HEIWA (Peace)"<br /># Taft Avenue - "CALLE DAITOA (Greater Far East)"<br /># Harrison Boulevard - "CALLE KOA (Rising Sun)"<br /># Jones Bridge - "TULAY BANZAI"<br /># Quezon Boulevard - "CALLE MULAWIN"<br /># Plaza Ferguson - "PLAZA SIMBAHAN"<br /># Plaza Lawton - "PLAZA BURGOS"<br /># Plaza McKinley - "PLAZA MALAKI"<br /># Plaza Willard - "PLAZA MALIIT"<br /># California Street - in Ermita "CALLE ILOKOS"<br /># Carolina Street - in Malate "CALLE BATAAN"<br /># Chicago Street - Port Area "CALLE MAKILING"<br /># A. Craig Street - in Sampaloc "CALLE BAGONG AYOS"<br /># Florida Street - in Malate "CALLE ISABELA"<br /># Gov. Forbes Street - in Sampaloc "CALLE SAMPAGUITA"<br /># Daugherty Street - in Pandacan "CALLE SOLIMAN"<br /># Kansas Street - in Singalong "CALLE CAGAYAN"<br /># McGregor Street - in Quiapo "CALLE WATAWAT"<br /># Nebraska Street - in Ermita "CALLE SORSOGON"<br /># Omaha Street - in Port Area "CALLE LINGAYEN"<br /># Pennsylvania Street - in Malate "CALLE MALOLOS"<br /># Smith Street - in Paco "CALLE YAKAL"<br /># Tacoma Street - Port Area "CALLE CABANATUAN"<br /># Tennessee Street - in Malate "CALLE MINDORO"<br /># Washington Street - in Sampaloc "CALLE MABUHAY"<br /># Wright Street - in Malate "CALLE KAWANG-GAWA"<br /># Mehan Garden - "JARDIN BOTANICO"<br /># Harrison Park - "RIZAL PARK"</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On October 25, 1944 General Douglas MacArthur waded ashore at Leyte to announced: "People of the Philippines, I have returned." The "Liberation of Manila" (Battle of Manila), started on the 3rd of February until the 3rd of March 1945, by Americans and retreating outgunned and out numbered Japanese forces. The one-month American forces continuous air-bombing, cannon balls flying, buildings/houses burning from American GI's napalms, military tanks smashed the ancient city's small gates to go through and pulverized Manila's beautiful cobbled stone streets, mortal, grenades, powerful bullets from automatic rifles, all these happening continuously 24 hours, for a month to avoid US Military casualties, Manila was flat on the ground and was named "the second most devastated city of world war second after Warsaw." The "Liberation of Manila was a terrible ruthless slaughter of great number of innocent civilians, women, children who were caught in between and had nothing to hide, it was a total devastation of human lives and a beautiful historical city. It was the scene of one of the ugliest inhumane urban fighting in the world that ended the three years of Japanese brutal military occupation in the Philippines (1942–1945). The city's possession was General Douglas MacArthur's key to victory in the campaign of reconquest of a US colony.<br />- ka tony<br />the 27th of October ‘18</span></b></div>
ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-2212047482597229262019-01-11T12:44:00.000-08:002019-01-11T12:51:43.058-08:00Manila Men in the New World<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Some 60,000 Filipinos sailed on the galleons from Manila to Acapulco over two and half centuries mostly as crews. Many escaped upon reaching Mexico never to return to the Philippines. Most of the Filipino sailors were natives “Indios-Tagalogs.” There were also many who belonged to the Mestizo class, who traveled as merchants, technicians or functionaries. Filipinos had been in the New World much longer than any Asians but the term "Filipino” or "insulares-creoles" during Spanish colonial time are referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines. In Nueva España (Mexico), natives from the Philippines were known as “Luzon Indios, “Manila Men” or “Chinos” simply because they were in Manila Galleon loaded with Chinese scented spices, luxurious silk and multitude of Oriental goods. There’s a big probability that most Chinese in Mexico are actually Filipino back then.<br /><br />In another part of the New World when "Manila Men" were discovered in the state of Louisiana, their villages were already established, show that they have been living there longer than 1763 though no known documents that may proof that they have arrived earlier and possibly way earlier than the Mayflower just like the ones who established themselves at Morro Bay, California in 1587 that preceded the landing of the Mayflower Pilgrims in 1620 at Plymouth, Massachusetts. They were called “Manila Men” because they said to be mariners who escaped from the ships of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade and they found their way into the harsh and unforgiving bayous that’s an ideal place to hide. These people who settled in the bayous were called "Manilamen," "Manillians" and "Tagalas” established their community at St. Malo, located southeast of New Orleans. St. Malo is named after the leader of a group of maroons group of enslaved Africans led by Jean Saint Malo escaped Lake Borgne, with weapons obtained from plantation slaves, Jean Saint Malo was captured by Spanish forces and was hanged in front of St. Louis Cathedral in what is now called Jackson Square, New Orleans.<br /><br />On January 8, 1815, the Battle of New Orleans became the final major battle of the War of 1812. Outnumbered American forces commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. Many Manila Men joined the U.S. Army and fought against the British, later on some would participate in the American Civil War. Most became fishermen and introduced the process of dried shrimp which is still popular in the area. Since most if not all were men, rarely women live in the village, those fishermen who did have families had them live in New Orleans or in other localities. The reason for this can be attributed to the isolated and harsh conditions of the surroundings. Since there were no Filipino women, the Manila Men often courted and married local Cajun, Creole, Indian, Black women and others. Some of them enrolled their children in schools in New Orleans.<br /><br />St. Malo was destroyed by a hurricane in 1915. In 1965, Manila Men’s Village, the last of the settlement was destroyed by Hurricane Betsy. No physical remains of any of these dwellings exist today. Between the late 1980s until early 2005, there was extensive and promising documentation of this part of Filipino history. Unfortunately, by August 2005, all were completely destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.<br />- ka tony</span></b><br />
<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">11th of September, '18</span></b>ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-42301849884225642412018-08-04T21:21:00.003-07:002018-08-04T21:23:44.545-07:00Mami and Siopao is Ma Mon Luk<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBrrem6YBWuPy2K90tfHewc4SuhvZrNppLQwMBYCEWiaRxfbARJiWWaGgULhcMU4anoNos6rs7Wy9JH9Z23Z_ttajPTsS1MytVVNFykl8-114rSl-tc3P_02ZHPULqDAL7sUCknqGrD50B/s1600/IMG_6152.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBrrem6YBWuPy2K90tfHewc4SuhvZrNppLQwMBYCEWiaRxfbARJiWWaGgULhcMU4anoNos6rs7Wy9JH9Z23Z_ttajPTsS1MytVVNFykl8-114rSl-tc3P_02ZHPULqDAL7sUCknqGrD50B/s400/IMG_6152.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Ma” and “Mi” which is the Chinese word for noodles but for Ma Mon Luk’s “suki” insist that it is “Ma” for “manok” (chicken) and “Mi” for “miki” (noodles). Mami eaters simply can not have a bowl without having an oversized pork mixture inside a dough called “siopao” with it. Ma Mon Luk was not only a good businessman but also a great PR and marketing man, he knew the importance of endorsement from personalities for his product. He gave donations to the poor around his neighborhood, to Espiridiona Bonifacio (sister of the hero), gave free mami and siopao to actors, politicians, athletes, newspaper columnists at the same time having a photographer with him to take pictures. He goes to yearly Chinese stage shows on Ongpin, showed his Kung-Fu skills. After few years from his original Calle Salazar restaurant came different Ma Mon Luk restaurant branches in the whole Metro Manila. After building a mami empire he passed away September 1st 1961 at the age of 65 and leaving in the mind of Pinoy consumers that “mami-siopao” is Ma Mon Luk.<br />- ka tony<br />29th of July ‘18</span></b></div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-11978162404062685952018-08-04T21:16:00.004-07:002018-08-04T21:16:38.570-07:00"Dimples" General Douglas MacArthur's Smiling Mistress <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxqh0gvibeDF9DHLfOm7vvyVup_yu_OVjTK9BEWRmycvck5FnsUK0P4h_ZQ4JNefQy9mwk2UQEQi_dPRozCgcgZ9lzksH7iT1FLbJtr0E_tm3AsbJU212VJEDTW9wmFfK5qCA0zEdtanlb/s1600/IMG_6153.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxqh0gvibeDF9DHLfOm7vvyVup_yu_OVjTK9BEWRmycvck5FnsUK0P4h_ZQ4JNefQy9mwk2UQEQi_dPRozCgcgZ9lzksH7iT1FLbJtr0E_tm3AsbJU212VJEDTW9wmFfK5qCA0zEdtanlb/s400/IMG_6153.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...Isabel Rosario Cooper, a Scottish-Filipino-Chinese mestiza more popularly known as "Dimples” in 1929, General Douglas MacArthur fell head over heels for this 16-year-old actress who appeared in B-movies; one of which “Ang Tatlong Hambog” featured the very first kissing scene in Filipino cinema. But more interestingly, Isabel Rosario Cooper aka “Dimples” was to become the general's mistress. When MacArthur was appointed Army Chief of Staff and moved to Washington, the gener<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">al’s mother Mary “Pinky” Hardy and Dimples followed suit. While his mother lived in Fort Myer, Dimples was ensconced in an apartment near MacArthur's office adjoining the White House. All along Pinky must have remained oblivious to Dimples' existence, as well as her son's torrid relationship with her.</span></span></b></div>
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According to one biographer of MacArthur, William Manchester, MacArthur "showered Dimples with presents and bought her many lacy tea gowns, but no raincoat. She didn't need one, he told her; her duty is to lay in bed." Dimples eventually got bored with the setup and enrolled in law school where she met many interesting young men. Learning this the general immediately ended their relationship.</div>
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When the secret affair was discovered by a Washington Post gossip columnist, Drew Pearson wrote about it, MacArthur sued him for libel. But when Pearson revealed that he had obtained very intimate correspondence between McArthur and his young mistress, including having her as a witness to be deposed, McArthur withdrew the suit and paid Pearson a substantial amount of money in exchange for the letters. </div>
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Dimples, with the $15,000 received from the general, allegedly delivered by his aide Dwight Eisenhower, opened a hairdressing salon somewhere in the Midwest, before moving to Los Angeles some years later. In 1960, unable to recover from the lingering emotional anguish of her failed relationship with MacArthur, she committed suicide.</div>
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The general, on the other hand, with his second wife, Jean Marie Faircloth, spent the last years of their life together in the penthouse of the Waldorf Towers (a part of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan). It was a gift from Conrad Hilton, the owner of the hotel. Douglas MacArthur died in Washington, DC, in 1964.<br />- ka tony</div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-77342039715083799692018-08-04T21:04:00.004-07:002018-08-04T21:04:49.083-07:00Saan ang talaarawan ng Katipunerong Castor de Jesus?<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh753Cdro36NPiDihfOc12JvsU3AuYG4kURpWga-7cKfffbwwu-HMEpyBDgFUg-n8NwK7H-1hmDtPFEJD0NVvuiwtKQHJmkKj4IEMeN81_DWAlIEk4fFVJPLVgWCRmO85u6XWit07THldyc/s1600/IMG_6154.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh753Cdro36NPiDihfOc12JvsU3AuYG4kURpWga-7cKfffbwwu-HMEpyBDgFUg-n8NwK7H-1hmDtPFEJD0NVvuiwtKQHJmkKj4IEMeN81_DWAlIEk4fFVJPLVgWCRmO85u6XWit07THldyc/s400/IMG_6154.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...sa mahabang panahon na himagsikang ating pakikipaglaban sa kolonyalistang Kastila at Amerikano tatlo lamang ang nagtala o nagsulat ng kanilang “memoir” ayon sa pakikibaka at buong pangyayari. Sa tatlong nagtala nito’y dalawa lamang ang nilimbag na maging aklat:<br /># ...Katipunan and the Revolution, Memoirs of a General - by Santiago Alvarez<br /># ...Memoirs of General Artemio Ricarte<br />Kaya naman ang dalawang aklat na Ito’y siyang nagsilbing basehan ng mga batikang Pilipinong mananaliksik at historyador, maliban sa karagdagang mga ulat mula sa mga lumang pahayagan, dokumentong militar, personal na liham at pakikipanayam. Ang dalawang heneral na “Magdiwang” Santiago Alvarez at Artemio Ricarte ay naninirahan sa Cavite, tulad ng ibang mga heneral ng Katipunan sa iba’t ibang probinsya ay nagtutugo lamang sa Arrabales ng Maynila kapag nagtawag ang Supremo Bonifacio ng mahalagang pagpupulong. Ang pagkakabunyag ng lihim na samahang Katipunan ay nagsanhi sa pagdideklara ni Gobernador Heneral Ramon Blanco ng batas militar noong Augusto 30, 1896 sa walong lalawigan: Arrabales ng Maynila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas at Nueva Ecija. Subalit ang sentro ng maarmadong lakas militar ng mga Kastila ay nasa Arrabales ng Maynila, kaya naman ang kaibahan ng Katipunan ng Tondo at Balintawak ay puno ng pakikipaglaban sa malakas at maarmas na mga Kastila, sapagkat Ito’y nasa labas lamang ng Intramuros. Kaya naman ang madugong mga sagupaan tulad ng pagsalakay ng Supremo Bonifacio, Gat Emilio Jacinto, Gat Macario Sakay, Genaro de los Reyes at Vicente Leyba sa “El Polvorin” ng San Juan del Monte (Pinaglabanan) na kung saan nakalagak ang mga sandata ng mga Kastila, ang nakasagupa nila’y beteranong casadores, bukod pa sa malakas na mga armas nito. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang isa pang laging kasama bago pa ipinundar ang Katipunan ay si:<br /># ...Castor de Jesus.<br />Siya ay isa sa mga orihinal na Katipunero, siya ay pinsan-buo ng Lakambini ng Katipunan - Gat Gregoria de Jesus. Si Castor de Jesus ay nasaksihan ang pagbubuo ng lihim na samahang Katipunan, kasama ng Supremo Bonifacio kung saan naganap ang unang sigaw, ang naganap na pagsalakay nila sa “El Polvorin” sa San Juan del Monte (Pinaglabanan), pag atras sa Balara, ang pakikipaglaban nila’t tagumpay sa Ilog ng Nangka, matapos magtago sa arrabales ng San Nicolas ang Supremo kasama ang kapatid niyang Procopio at Gat Emilio Jacinto, hinatid ni Castor de Jesus ang nagdadalang-taong pinsan niyang Aling Oriang sa Sampiro de Makati na kung saan nagkita ang magasawa at nagpatuloy na naglakbay patungong Cavite upang pagkasunduin ng Supremo Bonifacio ang dalawang panig doon ng Katipunan; Magdiwang at Magdalo. Makalipas ang isang lingo nagtungo sa Cavite at doon nasaksihan ni Castor de Jesus ang nangyaring dayaan sa halalan ng Tejeros, ang pagkakapatay sa kapatid ng Supremo na si Ciriaco, ang pagsaksak sa Supremo at pagdakip sa magkapatid na Andres at Procopio, ang naganap na paglitis sa pagbibintang sa magkapatid na Bonifacio sa salang sidisyon. Kasama niya ang kaniyang pinsang Aling Oriang sa paghahanap sa Supremo na iyon pala'y pinatay na patago sa magubat na bundok ng Maragondon ang bayaning magkapatid. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ang sinulat na orihinal na "memoir" ni Castor de Jesus sa wikang Tagalog ay pinagkaloob ng kaniyang pamilya noong taon 1964 sa National Heroes Commission (ngayon ay National Historical Commission) kung saan ako nagtatrabaho bilang isang mananaliksik ng kasaysayan. Ang nasabing “Memoirs ni Castor de Jesus” ay ipinatago ng aming Chairman Carlos Quirino sa panggangalaga ng Philippine National Library na kung saan din nandoon ang aming opisina. Ang orihinal na “Memoirs ni Castor de Jesus” ay ipina-mimeograph ng isang kopya ng aming Chairman Quirino at ang kaisa-isang kopyang Ito’y ipinapasa sa bawat mananaliksik na tulad ko upang basahin sa loob ng limang araw at pagkatapos ay ito nama’y ipapasa sa susunod na mananaliksik. Makalipas ang 55 na taon ay hangang sa ngayon ay hindi pa rin ipinalilimbag ng NHC ang nasabing “Memoirs ni Castor de Jesus.”<br />- ka tony</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ika-15 ng Hulyo ‘18</span></b></div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-28555970343427291472018-08-04T19:27:00.001-07:002018-08-04T19:31:45.565-07:00Joan Josep Hervas y Arizmendi - Casa Bizantina, Hotel de Oriente and La Insular Fabrica de Tabacos y Cigarillos<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI0kQB77oR7sRuvvL4JjHL38GVcyJynqOX_mSuIu7y87l6SC1QRtp4WxjhRTUiR7d-9PxBHbSSyws548wHDvNvuS3WlCrY7hrV5AXzkQO_ZYE4i50jvXvNhwi6-mhwGdK_xVaKmPf54KDt/s1600/IMG_6070.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI0kQB77oR7sRuvvL4JjHL38GVcyJynqOX_mSuIu7y87l6SC1QRtp4WxjhRTUiR7d-9PxBHbSSyws548wHDvNvuS3WlCrY7hrV5AXzkQO_ZYE4i50jvXvNhwi6-mhwGdK_xVaKmPf54KDt/s400/IMG_6070.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">..."Casa Bizantina" was the first home of “Instituto de Manila” (1914), after their least ended the Donato family (family picture below) moved into this beautiful three-storey “bahay na bato” in the historical district of San Nicolas. “Casa Bizantina” was earthquake proof because of its curved foundation that swing with the movement of the earth, no nails were used instead wooden pegs can be found on the floors and the walls that allows the movement of the quake. Weather proo<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">f because of the thick adobe and heavily fired red brick walls. Termite proof because of the bitter-tasting timber hardwoods that were used and was a survivor of American bombing during the "liberation of Manila," unfortunately another victim of capitalist’s cultural cannibalism. Casa Bizantina was looted piece by piece, panel by panel, brick by brick, grill by grill, floorboard by floorboard, in order to sell them to an “antique dealer” who payed high price for old parts of ancestral house, until the building was declared “condemned” then “sold” and went down to the ground. The debris that were left on the corner of calle Madrid & Peñarubia were cleaned, taken by truck loads and transported in Bataan, the beautiful graveyard of the cultural cannibalism victims. </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It has been called “Casa Bizantina” because of its Byzantine ornamentation, designed by Joan Josep Hervas y Arizmendi a Catalan architect, born in Barcelona, a contemporary of another Catalan, Antoni Gaudí the designer of the world famous “Sagrada Familia Basilica” in Barcelona. Hervas’ other works include “Hotel de Oriente” and “La Insular Fabrica de Tabacos y Cigarillos” both at Plaza Calderon de la Barca (now Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz) in Binondo and its hard not to notice the similarities of the details on these three buildings. </span></b></div>
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“Hotel de Oriente” was built in 1889 by Don Manuel Perez Marqueti, it was one of first class hotels in Asia. In June 26, 1892, Jose Rizal stayed at Room # 22 in this hotel (right side of the building) coming back from HongKong days before he established “La Liga Filipina” in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at calle Ilaya, Tondo. </div>
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“La Insular Fabrica de Tabacos y Cigarillos” was established by Don Joaquin Santamarina and his associates Don Luis Elizalde and Don Manuel Clemente after the Philippine colonial government monopoly on tobacco was abolished. The factory together with “Hotel de Oriente” and other building in its surrounding was ravaged by fire during the liberation of Manila in 1944. </div>
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ka tony</div>
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the 24th of July '18</div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-67814594517724238212018-08-04T19:05:00.000-07:002018-08-04T19:05:22.225-07:00Arch of the Centuries (Arco de los Siglos)<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRMdSbLp_hT3wxaprHFPwczCfsHYSavhc541ePCbHTRq8Ox9dq3VlB8WOMku4XORZaLvRWhHGvqttcvTt8-5GiifrJQ9OIXr-C5FOeriRaNUEVH62BEzdL9keiUY24FwRBJ8vOlR0XKg_G/s1600/IMG_6151.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRMdSbLp_hT3wxaprHFPwczCfsHYSavhc541ePCbHTRq8Ox9dq3VlB8WOMku4XORZaLvRWhHGvqttcvTt8-5GiifrJQ9OIXr-C5FOeriRaNUEVH62BEzdL9keiUY24FwRBJ8vOlR0XKg_G/s400/IMG_6151.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...Arch of the Centuries (Arco de los Siglos) is a triumphal arch of the University of Santo Tomas in Sampaloc, Manila. Half of the this structure, the side facing the UST Main Building is the ruins of the original Intramuros arch while the side that faces España Boulevard is a replica. The arch was formerly the original entrance to the university when the campus was still in Intramuros during the years from 1680 to 1941. The Arch was carried piece-by-piece and was re-erecte<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">d at the present UST campus’ Plaza Intramuros in 1954. The top of the Arch are panels depicting the life of Saint Thomas Aquinas, the patron saint of the university and of all Catholic educational institutions. On the left pillar of the facade facing España Boulevard is commemorative plaque honoring national hero José Rizal and on the right pillar is another plaque honoring President Manuel Quezon, both being UST alumni.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">University of Santo Tomas was founded on 28 April 1611 by Miguel de Benavides, Archbishop of Manila, it’s the oldest continuing university in the Philippines and in Asia. Though before UST there were three older universities in the Philippines: Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589), Universidad de San Ignacio (1590), Universidad de San Carlos (1595), then Universidad de Santo Tomas (1611) and followed by Colegio de San Juan de Letran (1620) and Colegio de Santa Isabel (1632), these universities are much older than the United States’ oldest Harvard University (1636).<br />- ka tony<br />24th of July ‘18</span></b></div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-29311326026379180892018-08-04T18:52:00.000-07:002018-08-04T18:55:13.688-07:00Old Obando Fertility Ritual<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBQOTISzyLOtC2iee4k4r25WAzrh17NDDfxDeWB1JhcjUgYInjBIUYB9MP-jCypqvBo2zlF97FpNw_NMI7SdgkyHPJhx00VLn1Iohe1lKiluAopwxYdNYlr63MH4xY8jkRkfRoG2YdrAvP/s1600/IMG_6150.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBQOTISzyLOtC2iee4k4r25WAzrh17NDDfxDeWB1JhcjUgYInjBIUYB9MP-jCypqvBo2zlF97FpNw_NMI7SdgkyHPJhx00VLn1Iohe1lKiluAopwxYdNYlr63MH4xY8jkRkfRoG2YdrAvP/s400/IMG_6150.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“...Santa Clara, pinung pino.<br />Ako po ay bigyan ninyo<br />ng asawang labin-pito<br />sa golpe ay walang reklamo.”</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- as the song goes for Santa Clara (St. Claire of Assisi) whose feast falls on August 11, who led a most austere life, should have become the patroness of parties though died a virgin, become the province of Obando patroness of pregnancy. The “Summer Solstice” is the Tagalog fertility ritual called “tadtarin,” borrowed from Hindu ritual that women gathered accompanied of drums, bells, chanting and danced the erotic “diwang” before the image of Tagalog anitos “Diyan Masalanta” (goddess of love) and “Lakapati” (goddess of fertility). The terpsichorean worshippers redirected their ritual to the Virgin Santa Clara that explains why to this day the song of the dancing devotees is directed to her and not to San Pascual Baylon, who was a very late comer in the Obando dance festival of the fandango dancing women desiring children. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Franciscans could not have picked on a better saint and the fandango gradually replaced the erotic dance “diwang” a pagan vestige to that of San Pascual Baylon was a perfect solution. His family name “Baylon” translated as “fond of dancing” in Spanish, biographer Father Ximenes wrote that in one occasion Pascual Baylon was seen dancing before the statue of the Virgin, so a saint associated with the dance was made titular of the Obando Church. The image of each saint leads the procession on his or her designated feast day. Throughout the three days, devotees joyously dance in the streets as a form of prayer, asking for the spirit of life to enter into the wombs of women. Jose Rizal made mention of this ritual in his Noli me Tangere: Padre Damaso advised Kapitan Tiago and his wife Doña Pia who both have been longing to have a child to make a pilgrimage to the shrine of Obando, there to dance on the feast of San Pascual and ask for a son. As the story goes, Doña Pia went, danced and gave birth to a mestiza Maria “Clara” whose father was actually Padre Damaso. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Traditional are the dozens of eggs offered to the nuns of Santa Clara by party givers who don’t want to rain on their parties. The tradition started that “clara” in Spanish both means “clear” and “white of an egg.” In effect therefore, Santa Clara is being offered “clara” (egg whites) to keep a particular date “clara” (fair weather). Devotees participating in the rites would sometimes hold eggs as they sway to the fandango.<br />- ka tony<br />the 5th of August ‘18</span></b></div>
ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-25736395875385087882017-06-10T20:00:00.000-07:002018-06-11T18:34:11.594-07:00June 12, 1898 Philippine Independence Day?<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ao3q9Cg7Ra0I6J_4GFFhvsvAmUo-CE-_oGhYbelb-51qmEH_15U9NtAZr5IOizjk78wdMzSpyt-meTYPAdExnx4r3IrGjsd2-lkPNVBsaUJ1BJ5N5CP9Nj18Y01w78bqYWaoTx-gXnoz/s1600/Php_bill_5_back.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ao3q9Cg7Ra0I6J_4GFFhvsvAmUo-CE-_oGhYbelb-51qmEH_15U9NtAZr5IOizjk78wdMzSpyt-meTYPAdExnx4r3IrGjsd2-lkPNVBsaUJ1BJ5N5CP9Nj18Y01w78bqYWaoTx-gXnoz/s640/Php_bill_5_back.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">..it had been raining hard for a week and Kawit, Cavite was deep in mud but June 12, 1898 the sun was shining, the muddy patriots shouting “Viva la Independencia!” as the Philippine flag was waved outside the window of Aguinaldo’s mansion. Emilio Aguinaldo went ahead with his proclamation and decided to make it in Kawit, not in Bacoor where his headquarters was because he said “I had more fame and influence in Kawit.” Ambrosio Rianzares read the Acta de la Independencia “We proclaim and solemnly declare in the name and by the authority of the inhabitants of all these Philippine Islands, that they are and have a right to be free and independent. The nation this day commence to have a life of its own” and the band played Julian Felipe’s “Marcha Nacional Filipina." American Admiral George Dewey was invited to the ceremonies but because of the warnings from Washington, he instead sent a representative. After the proclamation there were no receptions nor a celebration. That afternoon the headquarters of Aguinaldo in Bacoor was crowded and at about two o’clock Apolinario Mabini arrived in a hammock coming from Laguna de Bay that took ten days to carry him to Bacoor. Aguinaldo ordered that Mabini to be taken up stairs where they can talk alone. Mabini shook his head, disapproving at the declaration of independence saying its “premature and brash.” <br class="" /><br class="" />Aguinaldo never explain why he chose June 12 for the Kawit proclamation but as early as June his plans which were carried out the view of Manila, his army were advancing on the capital, seemed to fall into his hands and he wanted to enter Intramuros (Manila) declare victory as the dictator of an independent government. He recall that as early as June 5th, 1898, he had notified the Americans that he would be proclaiming the independence of the Philippines. Aguinaldo later claim that Admiral Dewey advised him not to take Intramuros (Manila) yet and wait for the arrival of the American land troops, so the two “allied” armies could enter Intramuros together. On the other hand the Americans were already denying any “alliance” with the Filipinos when the gullible Aguinaldo proclaimed freedom with the idea that the Americans would support it. Though Aguinaldo’s armies, not the Americans that conquered Manila, its arrabales and moreover controlled the whole country. Only this piece of peninsulares' land Walled City Intramuros, the capital of the colonial Philippines and the only Spanish province outside Spain, held out but after three months of siege to which Aguinaldo had subjected it, Intramuros as well in the 13th of August was about to fall to the Filipinos. Only the secret pact between Spanish Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes with Admiral Dewey and General Merritt enable the Americans to take what they have not won:</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1) Governor-General Jaudenes want the Americans to swear not to allow the advancing troops of Filipinos enter Intramuros. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Jaudenes, the remaining armed Spanish troops and peninsulares will formally and only will surrender to the Americans and not to the Filipinos.</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not only was Aguinaldo ordered not to enter the fallen city of Intramuros by the Americans, he was ordered to leave Manila's surrounding arrabales (Malate, San Miguel, Sta. Mesa, Sampaloc, Tondo) that were already occupied by victorious Filipino troops, Aguinaldo pursed the gringos' order. In any principles and regulations of war, Americans had no right to occupy what they had not won or conquered, they only won from Admirante Patricio Montojo’s Spanish squadron was Manila Bay and to use that victory to claim the entire Philippines.</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Every month of March during the birthday of Aguinaldo with his few remaining loyal friends, the easily duped general redundantly wishing that he might see before he died the Independence Day of the Philippines celebrated not on July 4th that was given by the Americans but on June 12th, the day on which he proclaimed in 1898, in Kawit the independence of the Philippines. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In 1961 Filipino nationalist, Founder/Chairman of the National Heroes Commission and Secretary of Education Alejandro “Anding” Roces passed a resolution requesting to adopt and declare June 12 as Independence Day for the Republic of the Philippines, not until 1962 was there a celebration of June 12 as a presidential decree by then President Diosdado Macapagal. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">President Macapagal wrote Secretary Roces, the rest of his cabinet and close friends:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The opportunity came when the US House of Representatives rejected the $73 million additional war payment bill on May 9, 1962. There was indignation among the Filipinos. There was a loss of American good will in the Philippines, although this was restored later by the reconsideration of the action of the US lower chamber. At this time, a state visit in the United States had been scheduled for Mrs. Macapagal and me on the initiative and invitation of President John F. Kennedy. Unable to resist the pressure of public opinion, I was constrained to obtain the agreement of Kennedy to defer the state visit for another time.</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To postpone the state visit, I wrote a letter on May 14, 1962, to Kennedy, which read in part as follows:</span></b></div>
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<span class="" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The feeling of resentment among our people and the attitude of the US Congress negate the atmosphere of good will upon which my state visit to your country was predicated. Our people would never understand how, in the circumstances now obtaining, I could go to the United States and in all honesty affirm that I bear their message of good will. It is with deep regret therefore that I am constrained to ask you to agree to the postponement of my visit to a more auspicious time.</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On May 28, 1962, Kennedy wrote me explaining the situation on the war damage bill. His letter stated:</span></b></div>
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<span class=""><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"In the meantime, I must respect your decision that your visit to the United States should be postponed. We do not want your visit to be less than first class, when it comes. But I do hope that we will be able to find another convenient time."</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I decided to effect the change of independence day at that time not as an act of resentment but as a judicious choice of timing for the taking of an action which had previously been decided upon.<br class="" /><br class="" />In my address on the first June 12 as independence day celebration, I said:</span></b></div>
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<span class=""><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"In the discharge of my responsibility as President of the Republic, I moved the observance of the anniversary of our independence to this day because a nation is born into freedom on the day when such a people, moulded into a nation by the process of cultural evolution and a sense of oneness born of common struggle and suffering, announces to the world that it asserts its natural right to liberty and is ready to defend it with blood, life, and honor."</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While we were seated at the grandstand during the ceremonies, General Aguinaldo thanked me again for the rectification of an erroneous historical practice and then asked:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> "When will there be an Aguinaldo monument at the Luneta like that of Rizal?” </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I could not answer the question: </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"The next generation might have the answer."</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"...Ang tunay na kalayaan ay hindi ibinibigay o hinahandog, ang kalayaan ay pinagbubuwisan ng buhay, pinagdadanakan ng dugo, pawis at luha upang ito'y matamo!” </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- ka tony</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the 12th of June, 2017 </span></b></div>
ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-10328129734963742442018-04-16T14:04:00.000-07:002018-04-16T14:13:24.313-07:00Gat Macario Sakay a mislabeled hero, his misplaced monument and mistaken historical facts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTo-k32OwqA29aiKLiIUL-588qa-G9KGxqEZDChn9S8pW2QSJMiTFXORlCe-rc4JHdHeLvN4NV_Ex7Dt7lJPbBmzIH_qr-fT7f7s3_BYZ6n7ilcONXpLxPNsaxvWmuOJXc-cJTngijyotk/s1600/28575910_10155237020126516_8113679693553750953_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="477" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTo-k32OwqA29aiKLiIUL-588qa-G9KGxqEZDChn9S8pW2QSJMiTFXORlCe-rc4JHdHeLvN4NV_Ex7Dt7lJPbBmzIH_qr-fT7f7s3_BYZ6n7ilcONXpLxPNsaxvWmuOJXc-cJTngijyotk/s640/28575910_10155237020126516_8113679693553750953_n.jpg" width="507" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first & only monument of Gat Macario Sakay on Plaza Morga, Tondo, finally unveiled by Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim on September of 2008, finally acknowledge as hero after 101 years when American colonialists and their Filipino sajonistas labeled him as “tulisan” was found guilty, sentenced and hanged under the US colonial court. The mislabeled hero with his misplaced monument also <span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">have mistaken historical facts on the plaque prepared by Manila Historical and Heritage Commission. </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a) ...the plaque and many historians assumed Sakay’s birth year was 1870 but his 1907 death certificate recorded he was 29 years old at the time of his execution should have been 37 years old instead. The truth is Sakay was born out of wedlock, date and year of his birth unknown, he never knew, never met his father, even his last name “Sakay” is his mother’s family name. The big question is from whom and where did his middle name “Leon” came from?</span></b></div>
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b) ...the plaque states that Sakay was born in Calle Tabora, Tondo. The district of Tondo, San Nicolas and Binondo didn’t change much their boundaries even their street names since Spanish colonial time. Calle Tabora was named after Spanish Governor-General Juan Niño de Tabora who brought the image of Nuestra Señor dela Paz y Buen Viaje of Antipolo during the Manila/Acapulco Galleon Trade. Calle Tabora is not in Tondo, but in the district of San Nicolas cuz Calle Azcarraga (now Recto Avenue) where Divisoria (Spanish word meaning “dividing”) is located serves as dividing line or boundary for Manila’s districts of San Nicolas, Binondo, Tondo, Sta. Cruz and Quiapo. </div>
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c) ...the plaque also said that Raja Sulayman like Sakay is from Tondo which is again wrong, Raja Sulayman is from the new Kingdom of May-Nilad where Intramuros now stands which is across the Pasig River from Tondo the Old Kingdom of Lankandula and Magat Salamat. Tondo was a province of Pampanga (from “ka-pampang” meaning of the same riverbank of Pasig River and Pampanga River). </div>
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Gat Macario Sakay is not a “Tondeño” (from Tondo) but from San Nicolas and his only monument at Plaza Morga in Tondo was erected on the wrong district. Though we should be grateful that finally after many years the name “Sakay” will erase the picture that pops into our mind of a “longhaired vicious tulisan” but a patriotic hero who continued the long revolution of masses of Supremo Bonifacio and Gat Emilio Jacinto’s Katipunan.<br />
- ka tony<br />
28 of February, ‘18</div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-89411725244548423802018-04-16T14:12:00.000-07:002018-04-16T14:12:18.083-07:00US Army and its armed Philippine Constabulary’s Counterinsurgency was an Integrated Military and Civilian Effort Against General Sakay<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje1JriB0ZCcGnK53AtCLtFHVLmkUA80BXkMN65RsQeRFsrY9bxbro9gA4JdclVqE1Y63Dju9zrCNtBx156ILBbFPIvX8WD8CU7hAmnT7QuAH3gUYGOM08yoEKvpjU_1TVGOazyxvHiDOeM/s1600/29136955_10155274340281516_7562558254220312576_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="960" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje1JriB0ZCcGnK53AtCLtFHVLmkUA80BXkMN65RsQeRFsrY9bxbro9gA4JdclVqE1Y63Dju9zrCNtBx156ILBbFPIvX8WD8CU7hAmnT7QuAH3gUYGOM08yoEKvpjU_1TVGOazyxvHiDOeM/s640/29136955_10155274340281516_7562558254220312576_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">General Macario Sakay and his men operated in Morong, Laguna, Cavite, and Tayabas, made Mt. Cristobal his headquarters but later moved to the mountains of Morong. His Republika ng Katagalugan was supported by the masses of Morong, Laguna, Batangas, and Cavite. The US armed Philippine Constabulary constantly complained to the municipal authori<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">ties for supporting and cooperating with Sakay who taxed hacienderos, merchants, farmers and laborers ten percent of their income only on those who could pay, but to those who refused to do so will to be arrested and forced to hard labor. Spies and informers were liquidated, tortured or had their ears and lips cut off as a warning to others.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In late 1904 General Sakay took military offensive, disguised in Philippine Constabulary uniforms they were successful in capturing a US military garrison in Parañaque, seized large amount of revolvers, carbines and ammunition. General Sakay's men often employed these uniforms to confuse the enemy. The US Army and their armed Philippine Constabulary launched the operation they did in Batangas that forced General Miguel Malvar and his men to surrender: “divide and rule,” “search and destroy,” “poisoned the soil,” “drain the swamp,” “liquidate anything that can be eaten” and “hamlet program” on the areas where General Sakay received strong assistance. These cruel counter-insurgency operations proved disastrous to General Sakay’s men and Filipino masses. The forced movement, relocation of large number people to expose the rebels, shortage of food and water caused the outbreak of diseases like cholera and dysentery. Food was scarce in the area and in camps, resulting in numerous deaths. Dominador Gomez mentioned the bad condition in General Sakay’s camp to the Americans upon his meeting with General Villafuerte, the malnourished general in his uniform tightened by a belt to hold his pants up, tried very hard to stand without the aid of a cane despite his malarial fever.<br />- ka tony</span></b></div>
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<br />ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1081418624240587618.post-711418237793391752018-04-16T13:51:00.000-07:002018-04-16T14:01:04.581-07:00Pamahalaan ng Republika ng Katagalugan <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip63KrBv4ensVqlGL4klmjaRanSi6VXf8vqcod0paxHtnm7M7027USfVlgmbLeUm03MH7n8V768dzn157Y5TiU0ZgW3aKAP2t_WJtqKBvNNNqZqCppbPx9-kVy9yvAa1EJNh61qnDe0MzG/s1600/28377610_10155235405431516_4102930236944576347_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="960" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip63KrBv4ensVqlGL4klmjaRanSi6VXf8vqcod0paxHtnm7M7027USfVlgmbLeUm03MH7n8V768dzn157Y5TiU0ZgW3aKAP2t_WJtqKBvNNNqZqCppbPx9-kVy9yvAa1EJNh61qnDe0MzG/s400/28377610_10155235405431516_4102930236944576347_n.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">...sitting from left to right:<br /># Lt. Col. Jualian Montalan - Montalan was an ally of Bonifacio from the founding of the Katipunan in 1892 where he rose from the ranks of Magdiwang and head the revolutionary forces in Cavite. He was aggressive and ruthless in meeting out sentences to those who betrayed the Republika ng Katagalugan. He was moved to Iwahig Penal Colony, in Palawan after Bilibid. </span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /># Lt. Gen. Francisco Carreon y Marcos - jo<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">ined the Katipunan following the footsteps of his cousin Emilio Jacinto, eventually elected to the Katipunan Supreme Council. Despite serving at the time as a councilor in the Katipunan, he was drafted in the Spanish colonial guardia civil. When Gen. Sakay then took to the hills and established the Republika ng Katagalugan, Carreón served as both Sakay's vice president and executive secretary, he drafted manifestos of the Republika ng Katagalugan. Carreón was imprisoned in the old Bilibid Prison and was later released in 1930 through a pardon.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"><br /># Macario Sakay (President of Republika ng Katagalugan and overall commander of the Revolutionary Army. </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"><br /># Maj. Gen. Leon Villafuerte - born on April 11, 1887 in Guiquinto, Bulacan, before joining Gen. Sakay, he had a sweetheart named Basilisa Sotto of Del Pan, San Nicolas who latter died and for this reason Villafuerte joined the revolution. He became a general at the age of 24, latter met Maria Martinez, married her.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"><br />...Standing left to right:<br /># Maj. Benito Natividad - (not related to the Natividad of Nueva Ecija) was commanding Tanawan, Batangas. He was sentenced to 30 years but immediately pardoned thereafter. </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"><br /># Lt. Col. Lucio de Vega - commanding Cavite. Most ruthless and vicious of Gen. Sakay’s generals as Montalan and the assassinated Cornelio Felizardo. De Vega’s wife was captured by the Philippine Constabulary and who was allegedly made a concubine of a P.C. officer. </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"><br />...the source of this picture was among the personal documents of Gen. Sakay’s Republika ng Katagalugan confiscated by the Americans.<br />(many thanks to I.J.R.A. for the colorization of the original sepia picture)<br />- ka tony</span></span></b></div>
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ka tonyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03249375941628145043noreply@blogger.com0